1Describe important steps in the evolution of terrestriality:
Evolution of lungs in fish enabled breathing, The evolution of limbs from fins.
2What are the derived traits of Tetrapods?
Four limbs and feet with well defined jointed digits. Neck allows separate movement of head.
3Taxonomy of modern amphibians
Clade Tetrapodamorpha, Class Sarcopterygii, Lissamphibia
4What are the 3 orders that represent amphibians?
Urodela (salamanders), Anura (frogs), Apoda (Caecilians).
5Describe the skin of modern amphibians:
Smooth, moist, scaleless skin, skin facillitates cutaneous respiration, poison glands in skin.
6What is the external eardrum called, what order is it exclusive to and what is its function?
Tympanum, Anurans (frogs), transmits sounds to columella to cochlea in inner ear.
7Describe circulation in modern amphibians:
Atrium divided by a complete septum into left and right atrium and 3 other chambers. (conus arteriosus, sinus venosus, ventricle).
8Describe all the details of reproduction in modern amphibians:
Fertilzation is internal in most salamanders(liebspiel) and external in most frogs(amplexus). Eggs have only a jelly like covering and require moisture.
9Where are some places a species of modern amphibian may carry their young/eggs?
On their backs, in their vocal sacs or stomach.
10What order are salamanders apart of and what are some unique features?
Order Urodela, most are aquatic especially during larval stage, most are terrestrial as adults. some are direct developers and others spend their entire lives on land.
11What do salamanders sometimes express and what is it?
Paedomorphosis, the retention of juvenile features in sexually mature organisms.
12Describe the taxonomy of sirens
Class Sarcopterygii, Clade Tetrapodamorpha, Order Urodela, Family Sirendae
13Name all the Family under Order Urodela:
Sirendae, Proteidae, Cryptobranchidae, Salamandridae, Ambystomatidae, Plethondontidae.
14Genus and species name of greater siren and lesser siren?
Siren lacertina, Siren intermedia
15Describe Frogs (Order Anura)
Frogs lack tails and have powerful hind legs for saltatory locomotion on land. Frogs with leathery skin are called "toads".
16What are all the families under Order Anura:
Bufonidae, Microhylidae, Ranidae, Hylidae.
17What are the animals under Apoda?
Caecillians
18Describe Caecillians...
No legs, reduced eyes. Some aquatic and terrestrial.
19Name a species from Family Hylidae:
Pseudacris crucifer, Hyla chrysoscelis, Hyla cinerea.