Unit 17 - Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians
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1
Describe important steps in the evolution of terrestriality:
Evolution of lungs in fish enabled breathing, The evolution of limbs from fins.
2
What are the derived traits of Tetrapods?
Four limbs and feet with well defined jointed digits. Neck allows separate movement of head.
3
Taxonomy of modern amphibians
Clade Tetrapodamorpha, Class Sarcopterygii, Lissamphibia
4
What are the 3 orders that represent amphibians?
Urodela (salamanders), Anura (frogs), Apoda (Caecilians).
5
Describe the skin of modern amphibians:
Smooth, moist, scaleless skin, skin facillitates cutaneous respiration, poison glands in skin.
6
What is the external eardrum called, what order is it exclusive to and what is its function?
Tympanum, Anurans (frogs), transmits sounds to columella to cochlea in inner ear.
7
Describe circulation in modern amphibians:
Atrium divided by a complete septum into left and right atrium and 3 other chambers. (conus arteriosus, sinus venosus, ventricle).
8
Describe all the details of reproduction in modern amphibians:
Fertilzation is internal in most salamanders(liebspiel) and external in most frogs(amplexus). Eggs have only a jelly like covering and require moisture.
9
Where are some places a species of modern amphibian may carry their young/eggs?
On their backs, in their vocal sacs or stomach.
10
What order are salamanders apart of and what are some unique features?
Order Urodela, most are aquatic especially during larval stage, most are terrestrial as adults. some are direct developers and others spend their entire lives on land.
11
What do salamanders sometimes express and what is it?
Paedomorphosis, the retention of juvenile features in sexually mature organisms.
12
Describe the taxonomy of sirens
Class Sarcopterygii, Clade Tetrapodamorpha, Order Urodela, Family Sirendae
13
Name all the Family under Order Urodela:
Sirendae, Proteidae, Cryptobranchidae, Salamandridae, Ambystomatidae, Plethondontidae.
14
Genus and species name of greater siren and lesser siren?
Siren lacertina, Siren intermedia
15
Describe Frogs (Order Anura)
Frogs lack tails and have powerful hind legs for saltatory locomotion on land. Frogs with leathery skin are called "toads".
16
What are all the families under Order Anura:
Bufonidae, Microhylidae, Ranidae, Hylidae.
17
What are the animals under Apoda?
Caecillians
18
Describe Caecillians...
No legs, reduced eyes. Some aquatic and terrestrial.
19
Name a species from Family Hylidae:
Pseudacris crucifer, Hyla chrysoscelis, Hyla cinerea.
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