1Rate of Warming: IPCC report (2007), The evidence-
Human causes are responsible for most of climate warming
2Rate of Warming: IPCC report (2007), Main Sources-
Greenhouse gases -> CO2 & Methane from burning fossil fuels & livestock/land use changes
3Rate of Warming: IPCC report (2007), Prognostication-
Increase in global temps., approx 1.4-5.8 °C by 2100
4Change in species ranges: Shifts in latitude
Towards poles = Higher latitudes
100 species of birds studied over 30 yrs in Great Britain showed shift of 1km/yr; Similar study of 55 species of North American birds showed a 2km shift since 1960's
5Change in species ranges: Shifts in elevation, Temperature
Changes faster w/ evlvation than w/ latitude = shifts tend to happen up slope
6Change in species ranges: Shifts in elevation, Midpoint of range of amphibians in Madacascar
Moved 65-400m w/ increase of air temp of 0.10-0.37 °C
7High elevation species
Are more sensitive to shifting; lower range limits move up more than upper range limits -> range contraction
8Changes in timing of breeding: Spring
Advanced by 1-2 days per decade in northern hemisphere
9Mechanisms of Response to Climate Change: Colonization
Favors species w/ high dispersal rates & slecies with broad habitat tolerances/preferences