FTCE Engineering and Technology 6-12

how we measure the strength of electrical currents and says how many electrons pass a fixed point in one second. the flow of one coulomb of charge per second.

RESEARCH

CONCEPTUALIZE potential solutions

FEASIBILITY assessment. its to determine whether or not the solution is possible by asking: is it based on an achievable idea AND is the project within the cost constraints?

DESIGN requirements. its to establish the software and hardware parameters and testability, maintainability and other key requirements. it's carried out with the feasibility phase

aka embodiment design. defines the overall system design: layouts, diagrams, schematics. early diagrams.

detailed design phase

production planning and tool design. a plan is made for mass producing the product and identifies the tools needed. working prototype is made and tested.

production!

alternating current. the flow of charge that changes direction periodically. As a result, the voltage level also reverses along with the current. AC is used to deliver power to houses, office buildings, etc.

aluminum alloys & composite materials

increased levels of carbon increase this

aerospace, shipbuilding, cycling and automotive industries.

any device that increases the amplitude of an electrical current. receives an input and produces a larger signal

loudness, height

information is translated into electric pulses of varying amplitude. denoted by sine waves. example: human voice

informal measurement based on observation of student work or performance

the creation of drawings and models used to build structure

iron

planes through the object which are not common planes, surfaces that dont line up with the 3 major axes. view that is used to show features that are located on an inclined surface in true size and shape. is an orthographic view which is projected onto any plane other than the frontal, horizontal, or profile plane. (aux means to help)

private company that supplies enterprise network, telephony and call center technology.

uses living organisms or their processes to create products or processes

prevents workers from being exposed to HIV, etc

the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume

P1V1=P2V2

devices that filter traffic between signals based on addresses and only forward it to the other network if it's intended to go there.

The electronic pathways between hardware components used to transfer data back and forth.

aka business systems planner and solutions architect. identify the business and info needs and then enhance productivity by developing new IT solutions

in the CPU, its a type of high-speed memory used to hold frequently used data immediately

computer aided design; created 2D vector based drawing and 3D solid and surface modeling

Computer Aided Manufacturing. use of SOFTWARE to control machine tools

elliptical wheel. connected to a driveshaft and powers motion. in a car, the pistons go up and down and rotate these which cause the wheels to go forward

device used to store an electric charge, consisting of 2 metal plate conductors separated by a thin insulator, like air. it's used for controlling and moderating current

Provides fuel and air to the engine in appropriate proportions and volume.
vaporizes gas before it enters the cylinders.

CTE programs in all states must copy the NY CTE program with rigor, skills, all states align, have advisory councils, approval online by April 15th for first semester, October 15th for second semester, re-approval by January 31

Computer Integrated Manufacturing. A company-wide PLAN for automation

a complete and unbroken pathway for electrons to flow

use of computers to control machine tools. Tools that can be controlled: lathes, mills, routers and grinders. Computer Numerical Control. A NUMERICAL control method in which one computer is linked with one machine tool to perform NC functions.

switch for reversing the direction of an electric current. this makes sure the wire keeps spinning. the positive side of the coil approaches the negative and then reverses and keeps going to reach the positive charged metal

background, foreground, middle ground

materials that contain loosely bound electrons in the outermost reach of the electron cloud like copper, aluminum, silver, other metals. the electrons break free and jump around from atom to atom.

machines constantly make the product

describes the relationship between 2 charged particles. F=k(q:q q2/d2) where f is force and q are 2 different particles and d2 is distance. like charges repel and opposite charges attract.
1 amp of current in 1 second. describes the magnitude of a charge but amps are the moving charge, the current, so they are more important :p

The power from the engine is too fast for the wheels so it goes here. The cylinders with pistons in them make an up and down motion which turns into circular motion which creates torque, or rotational force, and that is sent to the transmission which sends it to the wheels.

the spinning blades power an electrical generator instead of a grinding wheel

aka database coordinator and database admin. design, implement and maintain database. develop strategies to improve database

direct current. an electric current that flows in one direction steadily. provides a constant current or voltage. Batteries provide DC, which is generated from a chemical reaction inside of the battery. Everything that runs off of a battery, plugs in to the wall with an AC adapter, or uses a USB cable for power relies on DC.

wire coil is placed in between two pieces of charged metal. a current running through the coil gives it a magnetic charge and causes it to rotate. the end of the coil can be attached to a shaft and used to do work. example: coil attached to axis of a fan blade, it spins so the blades spin too

identifies and responds to certain electrical signals. a mechanism that signals when the system variable deviates from its set point

translation of information is into binary format (zero or one) where each bit is representative of two distinct amplitudes. denoted by square waves. example: computer, CD

The process of placing measurements and notes on a drawing to completely communicate its meaning.

Measurements in width, length, and sometimes depth

A device that permits current to flow through it in only one direction. converts AC to DC and amplifies the current in one direction. made of 2 parts: anode and cathode

a force that's generated parallel to the oncoming airflow and OPPOSES the motion of an object.

the ability of a substance to be pulled into a wire, twisted and warped. the levels of this go down when carbon levels go up and the alloy hardens

type of interactive video system which processes images, text, audio and video

the movement in the same direction of small electrically charged particles called electrons. aka electricity

amount of work that a given current can do in an interval. exists when a current is converted into a different form of energy - example: spinning fan blades, lighting a bulb. amount of transformed energy/time elapsed. current * voltage.

an excess or deficit of electrons on an object. like charges repel, opposite charges attract

the flow of electrons. it only exists when there is a flow of electrons in one direction. it's measured in amperes (A).

formulate charts, plans and drawings that consist of electric wiring designs, which are used to set up and restore electrical equipment

install and maintain equipment used to delivery electricity.

the property of a material that resists electric current, measured in ohms. some metals, like copper, have no resistance while rubber has a high resistance.

how certain types of particles interact with each other when close. the particles are electrons. aka electric current

a form of energy emitted and absorbed by charged particles transmitted as oscillating eletric and magnetic fields. magnetism produced by electric charge in motion

the complete range of electromagnetic waves of energy placed in order of increasing frequency

integrates all business functions.
manages the flow of information between those functions and people within the organization and between the orgz and its stakeholders.

Swedish corporation. largest mobile telecom vendor in the world

exploded view drawing. start with the parts nearest the center of the drawing and work outwards. shows parts of a product and the order in which they should be assembled.

=SUM(A1:A2) entered into cell A3

creates propulsive force by using a heat source to heat and cause expansion in a fluid. the heat sources act through a heat exchanger or engine wall. the fluid is then cooled and reused. EXAMPLES: steam engines and Stirling engines

shows interior surfaces. we place object in first quadrant. views of an object are projected to the sides of an imaginary glass box and away from the viewer

used in major appliances, like cars and boats.

Flexible Manufacturing System. A flexible group of CNC machine tools that are highly automated and integrated capable of producing a family of parts.

made of dead fossils that are hydrogen and carbon. coal is carbon. gas is in porous rocks (main ingredient in it is methane). oil in porous rocks or in pools and then is purified to be gas, kerosene, diesel

A device that converts hydrogen or another fuel into electricity. It powers space shuttles and buildings. Cant use it on cars because the amount of hydrogen gas needed to power a car has too much volume to work

injects gas vapor into the cylinder after it has been filled with compressed air. (you can have this instead of a carburetor)

A horizontal bar chart that graphically displays project tasks and durations. It shows terminal elements, or work activities

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing, engineer drawings follow standard conventions that mandate the use of certain layouts, typefaces, etc

interlocking toothed wheels. connected to a shaft, shafts twisted, wheels spin

replacing mutated genes or even modifying and correcting mutated cells

temporarily stores data that the CPU is currently using. Contain the inputs to the arithmetic/logic unit and the outputs it produces. before the CPU can perform operations on data contained in main memory, the control unit must retrieve the data and send it to this. then, the control unit informs and turns on the required circuitry within the arithmetic/logic unit and identifies to which the output should be sent

COMPRESSES graph and graphics files and then stores them digitally

granted a patent to Benz in 1885.

1958 by Kilby of TI and Noyce of Fairchild. led to the development of the microchip by enabling semiconductor devices to perform the same functions as vacuum tubes. revolutionized electronic equipment, leading to PC, cell phones, etc

1983 by Kahn and Cerf who came about with the first TCP/IP protocol.

1903. Wilbur and Orville Wright. they used aerodynamic principles, drag and lift, to develop the first power and controlled flight.

don't touch them! if power cant be turned off, use a piece of nonconducting material (lumber) to separate them from energized conductor. damaged equipment can be hazardous!

apply CONSTANT pressure until bleeding has stopped. once it has stopped, wrap the wound with cloth and leave it alone.

largest supplier of networking and telecom equipment in China, 2nd largest in the world, ranking 2nd only to Ericsoon

pressure is exerted by liquid in a tube. with brakes, a handle presses fluid against a lever that forces the brakes against the tire rim. most liquids can be compressed but it can here. efficient and makes more force than pneumatics

the strength of an electric current. the intensity of the current.

causes the atoms in your skin to vibrate more, more thermal energy is produced

object's innate resistance to change in its state of motion or rest.
EXAMPLE: big object has more of this than a tiny one, wont move unless its acted upon by an outside force.

aka information systems designer. decides whether or not the computer system is fulfilling the orgz's need in the most efficient manner. need to know telecom technology, software apps and business operations

longer than terahertz radiation. sending remote control signals, optical fiber communication. heat radiation

Holds the current temporary instruction being executed

materials that keep their electrons close to home. air, glass, paper, plastic, rubber like polymer that insulates electrical wires

A group of tiny TRANSISTORS and electric wires built ON a SILICON wafer, or chip.

creates propulsive force through the combustion of fuel and air within a combustion chamber. this action produces high pressure gas that is directed over a piston

it converts chemical energy into mechanical energy through burning

International Orgz for Standardization, quality standards for products

a small amount of a material or product is produced at one time and sold as a single unit

unit that measures ENERGY

provides digital photo storage. grids of pixels with 16.7 million different color variations.

inventory-management approach in which supplies arrive just when needed for production or resale

mass of object * square of the object's velocity.
KE = 1/2mv²

law that deals with the conservation of energy around a closed circuit path. His voltage law states that for a closed loop series path the algebraic sum of all the voltages around any closed loop in a circuit is equal to zero.

manufacturing whose goal is to eliminate waste in all aspects of the process

a force that is generated perpendicular to the oncoming air flow (using Bernoulli's Principle). Airplane wings are designed to take advantage of lift (climbing, descending, banking)

Standardization of lines used on technical drawings by line weight and style.

connected bars held together by springs. four bar linkage: piston, rod, crank in car engine

output device. A device that uses electrical energy to do work. ex: lamp, motor, loudspeaker

requires that energy sources by secured in an off condition when maintenance or repairs are being performed

high strength wires, bridges, building structures.

area in which a computer stores info, has RAM and read-only memory, ROM, which enables BIOS operation

based on technical drafting and computer-aided drafting (CAD) that concentrates on blueprints of machines and machine components used by engineers. Deals with 2d and 3d drafting and robotics

*put oil into cylinder: if normal, has worn piston rings.
*if it doesn't increase, it has leaky valves or blown head gasket.
*if increases but still abnormal, may have BOTH problems! :(
*if TWO cylinders have this problem, the engine has leaking head gasket

shorter than radio waves. low intensity levels in wi-fi, high intensity levels in microwaves

object's mass * object velocity or P=MV.
helps engineers predict the outcome of collisions.
when objects collide, they transfer their momentum to each other.

design characteristics of the problem and then propose solutions for each characteristic

called an internal combustion when the burning takes place on the inside.
converts magnetic force into kinetic energy

COMPRESSES digital vids and animation and stores them digitally

uses orthographic projection, which represents 3D objects on a 2D surface. uses first angle, second angle and exterior surfaces to create 6 different pictures of an object by projecting each side onto planes that run parallel to each axis of the object

Japanese corporation that sells info technology and network solutions

space between objects

Enable computers to connect over a network. Each computer on the network must have one with a unique ID

Any computer linked to the network. Linked computers lose their status as personal computers because they share resources

Finnish corporation. highest selling mobile phone vendor in the world

the potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom that is separated with nuclear fission. a chain reaction then happens which makes energy in the form of heat. this heat goes into water in nuclear reactors, steam rises up, goes into turbines which power electric generators.

tests and calibrates equipment and ensures that safety guidelines are being followed

take parallel projection lines and have them intersect the viewing plane at an angle OTHER THAN 90 degrees.

printing technique in which the inked image is transferred from a plate to a rubber blanket, then to the printing surface

how electrical resistance is measured; current = voltageesistance or I = V × R which means current will rise when voltage rises but resistance is cut in half

they lose much of their energy in the form of heat

uses the visible light waves to convey sound or image info

1990s, panels stored energy as heat in the Mojave Desert of California

2D flat reprsentation of a 3D object (ortho means straight, rectangular, upright) view of an object when you look at the top, front, back, left, right.

to move back and forth

A circuit that contains more than one path for current flow. If one device breaks, the circuit is not broken because the electrons can go another path.
the more devices, the lower the current. the flow of electricity, and the voltage, is the same across every device.
resistance is lowered the more that branches are added.

uses perspective to represent a 3D object in 2D on a flat piece of paper. the projection lines that run parallel on the paper run parallel in real life.

inventor can exclude others from using, selling or importing the technology for the duration of the patent

uses lab equipment to diagnose disease.

the size and shape of a 2D object that will eventually be folded to create a 3D object

a 3D object can be represented by projecting points upon a picture plane using straight lines converging at a fixed point, representing the eye of the viewer.

Lines that are made visible as dots or dashes. they stand for an object not included in the assembly or part specs

research, conceptualize (brainstorm), feasibility, design, preliminary design, detailed design, production planning and tool design, production (RCF DPD PP)

4 forces relevant to flight: thrust, lift, drag, weight. to achieve flight, all forces must be balanced.

when the speed of an inviscid (not sticky) flow increases, the pressure (or potential energy) of the flow will decrease AKA fast flow: lower pressure, faster air, slower static pressure & higher dynamic pressure. EXAMPLES: carburetors & pitot tubes

movable part in the cylinder forced into motion by explosion of fuel

aluminum

building blocks of pictures. the smallest image that a screen, printer or other output device can generate.

imaginary flat plane in which an image is created

safe because compressed air is not flammable.

physical interface b/w two computing devices (hardware) or a virtual connection between 2 computer programs (software)

space occupied by an object

monitor electricity dispersal to guard against overloads and insufficiencies.

as atoms move more, a substance heats up. EX: ice turns to water then turns to gas

provides temporary storage for the address of the next instruction that will be executed, keeping track of the computer's place in the program

this is achieved by air transportation creating thrust by pushing airflow over the wing

simple machine composed of at least 1 wheel with a rope extended around the rim so that the wheel spins when the rope is pulled. it can create great mechanical advantage due to ouput being greater than the energy inputted.

longest end of the electromagnetic spectrum. used in tv, radio, cell phone and wireless. government regulated. transmit data through modulation and variation in their amplitude, frequency and phases

part of the hard disk into which the computer can both read and write info. the computer can access stored data in any order no matter where it physically is

a kind of switch. when activated by a small current, it initiates a larger current.

EXAMPLE: used in TV and phone transmission when a small input signal initiates the broadcast of a bigger signal.

enables signals to travel father in the network without degradation. they receive signals from the network, clean, regenerate them and then retransmit them at a higher power level.

controls the level of current in a circuit by providing resistance. voltage decreases as current passes through a circuit. most work by converting current into heat which escapes into the air and is thus taken out of the system

number of lines per inch that a device can create

balance the uses of resources by eliminating inventory shortage & excess. a technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks

to establish criteria and tools that the state and district will use to evaluate courses. also, to determine if CTE courses fulfill their requirements

data stored on the computer's motherboard itself that cant be overwritten. contains the basic programming that allows the computer to run the operating system

device that routes packets of data between two or more networks, the internet

Nearly all technology cycles follow this pattern of innovation with upwards, stabilized and then downward growth. also called diffusion

1) identify the hazard 2) perform a dose response analysis to see dosage necessary to produce a response 3) perform exposure quantification to determine the dosage the population is to receive

shows exterior surfaces.

Thin lines used in a section view to indicate where the cutting plane line has cut through material.

a material that conducts current under certain conditions

electric current only follows one path and all the devices are connected to it. PROBLEM: If one device fails, the whole circuit fails.

the current is the same in every part. the current is decided by dividing the voltage by the resistance. if there's a drop in voltage, it's due to the resistance of the device.

program that serves the needs of other programs. it could be a computer running programs on this.

steel

continuous oscillating, or swinging, waves

A business process for improving quality, reducing costs, and increasing customer satisfaction

aka analyst developer, programmer. examines requirements for applications and translates them into program specs, design, write, test and use programs to solve problems.

common way to convert the rays of the sun into electricity, sunlight hits an outer layer of phosphorus and silicon, exciting electrons and generating current in a circuit , current terminates in a layer of boron and silicon atoms

protects confidentially of students

any area allocated for a certain task

Statistical Process Control. control tools such as control charts are used by quality engineers to identify statistical variations within a process. help decide the specific metrics that should be monitored and the method by which they should be sampled

help execute programs, and come in two types: instruction one and program counter.

an alloy of iron, carbon, and nickel or chromium.
steel containing chromium that makes it resistant to corrosion. used in medical and surgical equipment and cutting tools.

metal alloy that is made by alloying iron with carbon

ink is heated and then turned into a gas to transfer dye onto materials

oversees the entire production process

completes, diverts or breaks a circuit

device used to connect two or more network segments and regulate traffic. only sends signal where it needs to go.

works together

a scheme of 5 protocol types arranged in layers. protocls are rules determining transmission of data.
rules governing the transfer of information between computers = the rules.

shorter than microwave radiation & longer than infrared. satellites, airplanes, high altitude telecom

in a circuit, this is where it's either started or broken. a battery has two of these.

basic work activities that can be divided into smaller tasks

the degree of MOTION of the atoms and molecules that make up a substance. aka heat

reaction force explained by Newton's 2nd and 3rd laws. When mass is accelerated in one direction, it will generate an equal force in the opposite direction. Jet engines, propeller blades and rockets generate thrust by pushing air in the direction opposite to flight.

provides digital storage for SCANNED photos

the limits from identified criteria that will be allowed during production, such as height or width

Arrays of infrared light sources and array of
detectors are used to generate invisible light
grids. A finger interrupts two light beams and
provides x and y coordinates.

device that converts energy from one form to another

shifts electric energy from one circuit to another, often with a change in current or voltage. EXAMPLE: small one is used to diminish the current flowing through a doorbell, in order to reduce the risk of serious shock.

a semiconductor device that's used to switch and amplify electrical signals. it's like a VALVE on a pipe that controls the water being turned on or off but it controls the current - current can be off with no current or on partially or fully depending on how wide the gate is open. can function in a circuit as a detector, switch or amplifier.

part of a machine that directs the energy created to the intended task.
Power is transmitted to the ENGINE, then the crankshaft which creates torque, or rotational force, and then sends it to the axles which sends it to the WHEELS

say a word associated with a problem until this leads to words that create solutions

working and assembly

used for security marks and optical (or vision) storage of information. heat, sun

A tube that resembles a light bulb, was used in first generation computers. controls the flow of electrons in a vacuum. electricity passes through it.

aka tone. uses light and dark contrasts to create depth & perception within an image

speed in a given direction.
has more effect on kinetic energy than the mass which is why in the KE equation, it's squared and the mass isn't (KE = 1/2mv²). EXAMPLE: a fast object will have more KE than a slow object.

the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye

this is pressure in an electrical system that pushes the electrons in a direction. there must be a difference in pressure on opposing ends of the circuit. example: battery which has high pressure on one end and low pressure on the other.

units that measure ELECTRIC POWER. one joule of work per second.

force that gravity applies to an object.

if head or back injury

derived from the sun and the variations in temperature that create areas of low and high pressure, thus producing the shifts in air

breaks a project down into its most basic terminal elements, or work activities. has estimates for resources, duration of work activities, arrange them by order of completion

when work is done on an object, a change in kinetic energy occurs. ΔKE. Δ means the change in

designs and manufactures telecom equipment and systems. 2nd largest supplier in China, 4th largest in the world