29- Modern Physics

23 flashcardsby Nico
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1
Thermionic Emission
The release of electrons from the surface of a hot metal
2
Cathode rays
Streams of high speed electrons moving from the cathode to the anode

**check book**
3
Electronvolt (eV)
The energy gained or lost by an electron when it moves through a potential difference of 1 V.

1 eV = 1.6×10^-19 J
4
Photoelectric Effect
The release of electrons from the surface of a metal by electromagnetic radiation of a suitable frequency
5
Threshold Frequency
For a given metal is the minimum frequency needed for photoemission to occur
6
Work Function
Of a metal is the minimum energy needed to remove an electron from the surface of the metal
7
Photon
A packetundle of Electromagnetic radiation
8
X-Rays
High frequency electromagnetic radiation
9
Émission Spectrum
Produced when light from a luminous source undergoes dispersion
10
Atomic Number
of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus. (Z)
11
Atomic Mass Number
of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. (A)
12
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
13
Radioactivity
The decay of unstable nuclei with the emission of one or more types of radiation
14
Alpha Radiation
Fast moving helium nuclei ejected from the nuclei of radioactive atoms
15
Beta Radiation
High speed electrons ejected from the nuclei of radioactive atoms
16
Gamma Radiation
High frequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nuclei of radioactive atoms
17
Ionisation
The breaking up of neutral atoms into positive and negative ions
18
Activity
The activity of a radioactive sample is the number of nuclei decaying per second
19
Becquerel
1 Becquerel is equal to 1 disintegration per second
20
Law of Radioactive Decay
States that the number of nuclei decaying per second (the activity)

is directly proportional to the number of nuclei undecayed
21
Half-Life
The half-life of a radioactive sample is the time taken for half the nuclei present to decay

OR

the time taken for its activity to decrease by half

**say the top one if asked to define**
22
Nuclear Fission
The splitting up of a large nucleus into two smaller nuclei of roughly the same size with the release of energy.
23
Nuclear Fusion
The joining of two small nuclei to form a larger nucleus with the release of energy.
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