1Thermionic Emission
The release of electrons from the surface of a hot metal
2Cathode rays
Streams of high speed electrons moving from the cathode to the anode
**check book**
3Electronvolt (eV)
The energy gained or lost by an electron when it moves through a potential difference of 1 V.
1 eV = 1.6×10^-19 J
4Photoelectric Effect
The release of electrons from the surface of a metal by electromagnetic radiation of a suitable frequency
5Threshold Frequency
For a given metal is the minimum frequency needed for photoemission to occur
6Work Function
Of a metal is the minimum energy needed to remove an electron from the surface of the metal
7Photon
A packetundle of Electromagnetic radiation
8X-Rays
High frequency electromagnetic radiation
9Émission Spectrum
Produced when light from a luminous source undergoes dispersion
10Atomic Number
of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus. (Z)
11Atomic Mass Number
of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. (A)
12Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
13Radioactivity
The decay of unstable nuclei with the emission of one or more types of radiation
14Alpha Radiation
Fast moving helium nuclei ejected from the nuclei of radioactive atoms
15Beta Radiation
High speed electrons ejected from the nuclei of radioactive atoms
16Gamma Radiation
High frequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nuclei of radioactive atoms
17Ionisation
The breaking up of neutral atoms into positive and negative ions
18Activity
The activity of a radioactive sample is the number of nuclei decaying per second
19Becquerel
1 Becquerel is equal to 1 disintegration per second
20Law of Radioactive Decay
States that the number of nuclei decaying per second (the activity)
is directly proportional to the number of nuclei undecayed
21Half-Life
The half-life of a radioactive sample is the time taken for half the nuclei present to decay
OR
the time taken for its activity to decrease by half
**say the top one if asked to define**
22Nuclear Fission
The splitting up of a large nucleus into two smaller nuclei of roughly the same size with the release of energy.
23Nuclear Fusion
The joining of two small nuclei to form a larger nucleus with the release of energy.