1What is sexual reproduction?
The fusion of two haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote.
2What is fertilisation?
The fusion of male and female gametes.
3Where are sperm produced?
In the testes.
4Where are eggs produced?
In the ovaries.
5What process produces sperm?
Spermatogenesis.
6What process produces eggs?
Oogenesis.
7What is the male gamete?
The sperm cell.
8What is the female gamete?
The egg cell or ovum.
9What is the function of the testes?
To produce sperm and testosterone.
10What is the function of the scrotum?
To keep testes cooler for sperm production.
11What is the function of the vas deferens?
To carry sperm to the urethra.
12What is the function of the prostate gland?
To add alkaline fluid to semen.
13What is the function of the seminal vesicle?
To add nutrient-rich fluid to semen.
14What is the function of the urethra?
To carry urine and semen out of the body.
15What is the function of the penis?
To transfer sperm into the vagina.
16What is the function of the epididymis?
To store and mature sperm.
17What is the function of the ovaries?
To produce eggs and hormones.
18What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
To carry the egg to the uterus.
19What is the function of the uterus?
Site of embryo implantation and foetal development.
20What is the function of the endometrium?
To nourish the embryo.
21What is the function of the cervix?
To separate the uterus from the vagina.
22What is the function of the vagina?
To receive sperm during intercourse.
23What is meiosis?
Cell division producing four genetically different haploid cells.
24What causes genetic variation in meiosis?
Crossing over and independent assortment.
25What is independent assortment?
Random arrangement of homologous chromosomes.
26What is crossing over?
Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
27What is a zygote?
A fertilised egg cell.
28What is an embryo?
An early stage of development after fertilisation.
29What is implantation?
Embedding of the embryo in the uterus lining.
30What is the menstrual cycle?
A cycle preparing the body for pregnancy.
31What is ovulation?
Release of an egg from the ovary.
32What hormone stimulates ovulation?
Luteinising hormone (LH).
33What hormone stimulates follicle development?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
34What hormone thickens the endometrium?
Oestrogen.
35What hormone maintains the endometrium?
Progesterone.