1What are the four main parts of the ear?
Outer ear, tympanic membrane, middle ear, inner ear
2What is the function of the pinna?
It captures and localizes sounds and provides protection.
3What are the three layers of the tympanic membrane?
Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
4What are the ossicles of the middle ear?
Malleus, incus, stapes
5What is the role of the Eustachian tube?
It connects the middle ear to the back of the nose and equalizes pressure in the middle ear.
6Which structure in the inner ear contains nerves for hearing?
The cochlea
7Which receptors in the inner ear are responsible for balance?
Vestibule and semicircular canals
8How is sound converted into electrical impulses?
Sound waves are amplified by the ossicles and then converted into electrical impulses in the cochlea.
9What is a ruptured eardrum?
A tear in the tympanic membrane caused by infection, trauma, or excessive pressure.
10What are the symptoms for conjunctivitis?
Redness, swelling, increased tear production, and a sensation of a foreign body in the eye.
11What are the roles of the rods in the retina?
They detect light and aid in night vision.
12What are the roles of the cones in the retina?
They detect colors and are essential for vision in bright light.
13What is the function of the optic nerve?
It transmits electrical signals from the eye to the brain to produce vision.
14What is a glaucoma?
A disease that damages the optic nerve, often caused by increased pressure in the eye.
15What is the function of lacrimal glands?
They produce the tear film to lubricate and protect the eye.
16What is a deviated septum?
A deviation of the nasal septum, making one nostril smaller and potentially affecting breathing.
17What is anosmia?
A partial or total loss of smell.
18What are the roles of the nose in the respiratory anatomy?
To warm, filter, and humidify incoming air.
19What is the function of the tonsils?
They act as an immune defense organ at the entrance to the respiratory and digestive tracts.
20What is the role of the tongue?
It is involved in chewing, swallowing, speech, and taste perception.
21What types of cells detect smells
Olfactory receptors located in the nasal cavity.
22What is epistaxis?
A nosebleed, often caused by trauma or a medical condition.
23What are the main parts of the eye?
Sclera, cornea, retina, iris, lens, optic nerve
24What is the function of the auditory canal?
It channels sound waves toward the tympanic membrane.
25What is the purpose of the cone of light on the tympanic membrane?
It creates a cone-shaped reflection of light, which helps with eardrum examination.
26What is the function of the semicircular canals?
They help regulate balance and detect head position.
27How does the cochlea contribute to hearing?
It converts sound waves into electrical impulses that the brain interprets as sound.
28What is the sclera?
The white, strong outer layer of the eye that supports and protects it.
29What is the function of the cornea?
It acts as a barrier and refracts light into the eye, aiding vision.
30What does the iris do?
It controls the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil.
31What is the role of the retina?
It contains photoreceptor cells that capture light and send signals to the brain for visual processing.
32What is the macula responsible for?
It provides sharp, clear, central vision and processes fine details.
33What is the function of aqueous humour?
It maintains pressure in the eye and provides nourishment to keep it inflated.
34What are photoreceptor cells?
Cells in the retina, like rods and cones, that detect light and colour for vision.
35What is the main function of the optic nerve?
To transmit visual information from the retina to the brain.
36What is a sinus, what does it do?
A cavity in the skull that helps warm, moisten, and filter inhaled air.
37What is the function of the nasal cavity?
It humidifies and filters air as it enters the respiratory system.
38What does the soft palete do during swallowing?
It closes off the nasal passage to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity.
39What is the role of the salivary glands?
They produce saliva, which aids in digestion, lubricates the mouth, and enhances taste perception.
40What is the purpose of the enamel on the teeth?
It provides a hard, wear-resistant outer layer that protects the teeth.
41What is a cleft palete?
A congenital split in the roof of the mouth that affects feeding, breathing, and speech.
42What is oral thrush?
A fungal infection in the mouth, often treated with antifungal medication.
43What is the cribform plate?
A part of the skull that allows olfactory nerves to pass to the nasal cavity, conveying smell information to the brain.
44What is the main function of the olfactory nerve?
To transmit smell information from the nasal cavity to the brain.
45What are the roles of the conchae in the nasal cavity?
They increase the surface area to humidify, warm, and filter air before it enters the lungs.