Salmonellosis

Salmonellosis (gastroenteritis/typhoid fever)

Salmonella enterica- S. typhi and paratyphi cause typhoid fever

GNR, motile, >2500 serotypes, H2S production, fimbria attachment to epithelia, intracellular parasite- secrete invasins

Humans (other animals-serotype specific)

Digestive Tract

Fecal oral route, Ingestion of contaminated foods (eggs) and water

12-48 hours

Bacteria attach to the surface of the small intestine and may invade epithelial and immune cells. Some strains produce exotoxins with different effects including: dysentery and hemolytic- uremic syndrome (shiga toxins)

Gastroenteritis- fever, diarrhea (loose-moderate volume, no blood), resolves in 3-7 days, carriage for 4-5 weeks

Severe dehydration, worsening of pre-existing conditions, bacteremia, localized infections, chronic carrier state, reactive arthritis, 20,000 US hospitalizations- 378 deaths/yr

Pasteurization, proper food handlingand prepartion, proper sanitation, and Typhoid vaccination- oral attenuated vaccine every 5 yrs, injected polysaccharide every 2 yrs

Rehydration therapy, Antiboitcs (typhoid fever)- azithromycin, cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone