blood loss/blood clots

Term for the stoppage of bleeding or hemorrhage

3 mechanisms for reducing blood loss

Which mechanism for reducing blood loss involves platelets binding to exposed collagen in blood vessel wall. Can stop bleeding from small blood vessel

Which mechanism for reducing blood loss involves Vasoconstriction? Vasoconstriction is due to damage to smooth muscle, substance released by activated platelets, reflexes stimulated by pain receptors.

Step 1: in formation of clot; in formation of clot damaged tissue and platelets release factors that stimulate series of reactions that results in formation of this molecule

Damaged tissue and platelets release factors that stimulate series of reactions that result in formation of this molecule.

Step 2 in formation of clot: prothrombin is a plasma protein produced in liver

Step 3 in formation of clot : fibrinogen is plasma proteins produced by liver

Step 4 in formation of clot

Vitamin required for normal blood clotting. Fat soluble vitamin produced in large intestine. Dietary lipids needed for adequate absorption to prevent uncontrolled bleeding

Mineral essential for the clotting process

Term for dissolution of blood clots. Prevents clots from extending beyond site of damage and prevents small clots from becoming large clots

Plasma protein involved in clotting. This protein is an inactive enzyme.

Converts plasminogen to plasmin. Released when endothelium is damaged.

Enzyme that digests fibrin and other substances that promote clotting.

A antigen on RBC surface.

B antigen on RBC surface.

Anti-A antibody in blood.

Anti-B antibody in blood.

Blood type that is universal donor

Blood type that is universal recipient

True or False. Rh+ individual has Rh antigen on RBCs

True or False. Normally, Rh- individuals do not have anti-Rh antibodies in blood

Name for disease of newborn that occurs if Rh+ baby is born to Rh- mother with anti-Rh antibodies. Anti-Rh antibodies are present because blood from previous Rh+ child contacts mother’s blood during birth

Loss of blood decreases blood volume Manifestations

Rupture of blood vessels and reduced clotting in GI tract (including mouth) or urinary tract. Manifestations

Bleeding into joints. Causes swollen, red, painful joints

Manifestations

Vomiting blood

Manifestations

Decreased RBC count due to bleeding Manifestations

CNS hypoxia due to decreased blood flow and therefore oxygen to brain Manifestations

Coughing up blood Manifestations

Cardiac compensatory mechanism for low blood pressure

Manifestations

Nosebleeds Manifestations

Red or purple discolorations on skin that do not blanch when applying pressure. Due to bleeding from small blood vessels near surface of skin. Manifestations

Red or purple discolorations on skin that are less than 3 mm in diameter Manifestations

Red or purple discolorations on skin that are greater than 1 cm in diameter. Manifestations