1c Communication

-active listening: ability to focus on patients and their perspectives
-guided questioning: open ended to focused questions
-ask one question at a time
-offer multiple choices for answers
-express empathy
-avoid negative questions (i.e. you don't have... do you?)

-nonverbal cues
-position yourself @ level
-touch when it may be appropriate
-requires ongoing self-reflection

simple restatement, provides opportunity for patient to further understand communication (e.g. "You feel like there is a knot in your chest")

assists patients in describing concerns more completely
-shows patients that you are interested
-let them know their thoughts/feelings are common

used purposefully to allow patients time to gather thoughts and provide accurate answers

when ideas are unclear -> ask questions to better understand what they mean (e.g. "tell me what you mean by low blood")

similar to restatement but you identify the main themes of communication and how the patient may be feeling
-gain better understanding of the issues that underlie their thoughts

usually at the end of the interview
-identify the information you gathered from the interview, allows patient to tell you anything you may have missed

False reassurance
Sympathy
Unwanted advice
Biased questions
Changes of subject
Distractions
Technical or overwhelming language
Interrupting

code of conduct and good manners that show respect for others

-if possible use interpreter
-cover once concept at time, using simple language

-look and pay attention to patients during interviews to keep focus on them instead of interpreter

-encourage child to be independent and answer questions on their own
-take cues on their social development

-provide privacy from parents when asking about sensitive issues (e.g. sexuality, drugs, alcohol)

-observe parental behaviour
-observe baby's developing communication skills

-room is free from distractions/interruptions
-allow for more time to let them respond
-avoid rushing interview
-ensure that they are comfortable (e.g. temperature of room)