Ophthalmology
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1
embryology of eye
neuro ectoderm
neural crest
surface ectoderm
neuro ectoderm
neural crest
surface ectoderm
2
one liners
3
canal of Hannover and petit
Wegers ligament
Wegers ligament
4
bullous keratopathy
< 500 endothelial cells
normal -2500-3000/mm cube
measure by specular microscope
normal -2500-3000/mm cube
measure by specular microscope
5
seen in
1-corneal anaesthesia
2- interstitial keratitis
1-corneal anaesthesia
2- interstitial keratitis
6
1- pachymetry
2- keratometry
3- pentacam
4- topography
2- keratometry
3- pentacam
4- topography
corneal thickness (520-540 micron)
corneal curvature
everything
corneal surface( placido disc)
corneal curvature
everything
corneal surface( placido disc)
7
uses of fluorescent green dye
8
bacteria that invade intact cornea
high level CNS
9
keratitis in which steroid is used
stromal and disciform keratitis
10
corneal dystrophy
lisch
cogans
macular
lattice
granular
fuchs
and it’s differential diagnosis
band shaped keratopathy
lisch
cogans
macular
lattice
granular
fuchs
and it’s differential diagnosis
band shaped keratopathy
11
mooren’s ulcer
serpiginious/ creeping ulcer in autoimmune disorder
12
scleromalacia perforans
a/w Rheumatoid arthritis
d/d is staphyloma
d/d is staphyloma
13
keratoconus
14
keratoplasty
15
corneal hydrophs Rx
intracameral gas (SF6/C3F8)
16
cornea rejection signs
kayes dots
khoda daust line
khoda daust line
17
Lens refractive index, power , proteins
18
Lens micro spherophakaia
anterior positional myopia
Weill marchesani syndrome
Weill marchesani syndrome
19
ant lenticonus
alport, wardenburg syndrome , spinal bifida
20
posterior lenticonus
lowe syndrome
21
congenital cataract
blue dot
lamellar/zonular
lamellar/zonular
22
complicated cataract
breadcrumb and polychromatic lustre
UMAR
uveitis
myopia
Angle closure glaucoma
retinitis pigmentosa
UMAR
uveitis
myopia
Angle closure glaucoma
retinitis pigmentosa
23
anterior sub capsular cataract
aacg
amiodranone
atopic dermatitis- sheild like
chropromazine
gold deposits
amiodranone
atopic dermatitis- sheild like
chropromazine
gold deposits
24
Fincham test
corneal Edema - halos present
cataract- halos absent
cataract- halos absent
25
FLACS
Nd: glass laser 1054nm
photodisruprion principle
photodisruprion principle
26
anterior and posterior chamber IOL
s shaped and c shaped
27
IOL power calculation
28
posterior capsule opacities
mc cataract complications
elsching pearl, simmering ring
Nd:YAG laser 1064nm used
elsching pearl, simmering ring
Nd:YAG laser 1064nm used
29
Fuchs Heterochromic iridocyclitis
painless recurrent unilateral uveitis, complicated cataract
amsler sign positive- bleed on paracentesis
amsler sign positive- bleed on paracentesis
30
vogt straie, syndrome, triad
straie- keratoconus (vertical in descment membrane)
syndrome -(VKH)
triad- Angle closure glaucoma (iris atrophy, cornea endothelium pigment dispersion, glaucomflecken (anterior subcapsular opacity)
syndrome -(VKH)
triad- Angle closure glaucoma (iris atrophy, cornea endothelium pigment dispersion, glaucomflecken (anterior subcapsular opacity)
31
Angle closure glaucoma
peripheral iridiotomy b/l ( Nd:yag 1064nm)
drugs AMP
acetazolamide
mannitol
pilocarpine
atropine is contraindicated
drugs AMP
acetazolamide
mannitol
pilocarpine
atropine is contraindicated
32
open angle glaucoma
laser trabeculoplasty b/l Nd:yag 532nm double frequency
33
unilateral iop spikes + uveitis
posner schlosman syndrome
Rx- Beta blocker 1st line
Rx- Beta blocker 1st line
34
inverse glaucoma
doc- atropine
35
congenital bupthalmos
due to trabeculodysgenesis
bpl
blepharospasm
photophobia
lacrimation
- haabs straie, hazy cornea , cornal diameter > 13mm
Rx - goniotomy if clear cornea > tabeculotomy + trabeculectomy
bpl
blepharospasm
photophobia
lacrimation
- haabs straie, hazy cornea , cornal diameter > 13mm
Rx - goniotomy if clear cornea > tabeculotomy + trabeculectomy
36
glaucoma investigations
37
anti glaucoma drugs
38
adies notic pupil vs pharmacological mydriasis
39
junctional scotoma
meningioma
40
wernickes hemi anopic pupil
optic tract lesion
41
keyhole defect
medial geniculate body
42
optic atrophy absent
optic radiation defect
43
horners syndrome
4% cocaine test - pupil does not dilate
1% apraclonodine (alpha 2 agonist) - pupil dilates (paradoxical to normal)
1% apraclonodine (alpha 2 agonist) - pupil dilates (paradoxical to normal)
44
amphetamine 1% test
pupil dilate - preganglionic lesion
does not dilate- post ganglionic lesion
does not dilate- post ganglionic lesion
45
Inter nuclear opthalmoplegia
right mlf lesion , right eye adduction defect , right inter nuclear ophthalmoplegia, left eye nystagmus
46
one and half syndrome
both pprf and mlf lesion on the same side , only contra lateral abduction preserved
47
optic atrophy
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