1embryology of eye
neuro ectoderm
neural crest
surface ectoderm
3canal of Hannover and petit
Wegers ligament
4bullous keratopathy
< 500 endothelial cells
normal -2500-3000/mm cube
measure by specular microscope
5seen in
1-corneal anaesthesia
2- interstitial keratitis
61- pachymetry
2- keratometry
3- pentacam
4- topography
corneal thickness (520-540 micron)
corneal curvature
everything
corneal surface( placido disc)
7uses of fluorescent green dye
8bacteria that invade intact cornea
high level CNS

9keratitis in which steroid is used
stromal and disciform keratitis
10corneal dystrophy
lisch
cogans
macular
lattice
granular
fuchs
and it’s differential diagnosis
band shaped keratopathy
11mooren’s ulcer
serpiginious/ creeping ulcer in autoimmune disorder
12scleromalacia perforans
a/w Rheumatoid arthritis
d/d is staphyloma
15corneal hydrophs Rx
intracameral gas (SF6/C3F8)
16cornea rejection signs
kayes dots
khoda daust line
17Lens refractive index, power , proteins
18Lens micro spherophakaia
anterior positional myopia
Weill marchesani syndrome
19ant lenticonus
alport, wardenburg syndrome , spinal bifida
20posterior lenticonus
lowe syndrome
21congenital cataract
blue dot
lamellar/zonular
22complicated cataract
breadcrumb and polychromatic lustre
UMAR
uveitis
myopia
Angle closure glaucoma
retinitis pigmentosa
23anterior sub capsular cataract
aacg
amiodranone
atopic dermatitis- sheild like
chropromazine
gold deposits
24Fincham test
corneal Edema - halos present
cataract- halos absent
25FLACS
Nd: glass laser 1054nm
photodisruprion principle
26anterior and posterior chamber IOL
s shaped and c shaped
28posterior capsule opacities
mc cataract complications
elsching pearl, simmering ring
Nd:YAG laser 1064nm used
29Fuchs Heterochromic iridocyclitis
painless recurrent unilateral uveitis, complicated cataract
amsler sign positive- bleed on paracentesis
30vogt straie, syndrome, triad
straie- keratoconus (vertical in descment membrane)
syndrome -(VKH)
triad- Angle closure glaucoma (iris atrophy, cornea endothelium pigment dispersion, glaucomflecken (anterior subcapsular opacity)

31Angle closure glaucoma
peripheral iridiotomy b/l ( Nd:yag 1064nm)
drugs AMP
acetazolamide
mannitol
pilocarpine
atropine is contraindicated
32open angle glaucoma
laser trabeculoplasty b/l Nd:yag 532nm double frequency
33unilateral iop spikes + uveitis
posner schlosman syndrome
Rx- Beta blocker 1st line
34inverse glaucoma
doc- atropine
35congenital bupthalmos
due to trabeculodysgenesis
bpl
blepharospasm
photophobia
lacrimation
- haabs straie, hazy cornea , cornal diameter > 13mm
Rx - goniotomy if clear cornea > tabeculotomy + trabeculectomy
36glaucoma investigations
38adies notic pupil vs pharmacological mydriasis
39junctional scotoma
meningioma
40wernickes hemi anopic pupil
optic tract lesion
41keyhole defect
medial geniculate body
42optic atrophy absent
optic radiation defect
43horners syndrome
4% cocaine test - pupil does not dilate
1% apraclonodine (alpha 2 agonist) - pupil dilates (paradoxical to normal)
44amphetamine 1% test
pupil dilate - preganglionic lesion
does not dilate- post ganglionic lesion
45Inter nuclear opthalmoplegia
right mlf lesion , right eye adduction defect , right inter nuclear ophthalmoplegia, left eye nystagmus
46one and half syndrome
both pprf and mlf lesion on the same side , only contra lateral abduction preserved