Joints and Movement
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flexion
decreases a joint angle
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extension
increases a joint angle
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hyperextension
joint is moved past straight
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abduction
to take away
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adduction
can bring back toward the body
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what is this
abduction
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what is this
adduction
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what
elevation
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what
depression
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what
circumduction
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what
medial/internal rotation
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what
lateral/external rotation
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center of gravity is the
midpoint of body mass
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for most individuals, center of mass is
at the second sacral vertebra
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the _____ __ _______ goes through the center of the body
line of gravity
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every joint is a balance of
stability and mobility
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two types of joints
synarthroses and diarthroses
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two types of synarthroses
fibrous
cartilaginous
cartilaginous
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3 types of fibrous joints
sutures
syndesmoses
gomphoses
syndesmoses
gomphoses
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sutures
fibrous connective tissue joins two bones
found in the skull
found in the skull
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syndesmoses
two bones are joined by a wide sheet or membrane
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gomphoses
surfaces of the bones are adapted to each other, like a peg and socket
tooth in jaw (example)
tooth in jaw (example)
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two types of cartilaginous joints
synchondrosis
symphysis
symphysis
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synchondrosesjoint
hyaline cartilage directly connects two bones
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symphyses
pad of fibrocartilage connects two bones
common in weight bearing locations
common in weight bearing locations
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diarthroses are also called
synovial joints
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components of synovial joint
joint capsule of fibrous tissue
joint cavity enclosed by capsule
synovial membrane lining capsule
synovial fluid covering joint surfaces
hyaline (articular) cartilage covering joint surfaces
joint cavity enclosed by capsule
synovial membrane lining capsule
synovial fluid covering joint surfaces
hyaline (articular) cartilage covering joint surfaces
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synovial fluid produced by cells in the
synovial membrane
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synovial fluid nourishes the
hyaline cartilage
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synovial fluid ebbs through cartilage as
compression is applied
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synovial fluid composition similar to _____ ________ + 2 ingredients that add _____ and ______
blood plasma
viscosity and lubrication
viscosity and lubrication
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synovial fluid viscosity decreases when
joints move quickly and when temperatures are higher
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_____ is essential for nourishing the hyaline cartilage
movement
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types of diarthroses
uniaxial
biaxial
triaxial
biaxial
triaxial
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types of uniaxial joints
hinge
pivot
pivot
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types of biaxial joints
condyloid
saddle
saddle
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types of triaxial joints
plane
ball and socket
ball and socket
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