1Diptheria disease classification?
*Diphtheria
2Causative organism?
*Corynebacterium diphtheriae + phage tox
3Classification of organism?
*gram positive rod
*aerobic
*nonmotile
*abundant frimbiae
*produces diphtheria exotoxin
6Mode of transmission?
*aerosol respiratory droplets
*contact with contaminated body fluids
7Pathogenesis? What is the result?
*bacteria colonize upper respiratory tract and form pseudomembrane (obstructs airway)
*secretes exotoxin (enter blood stream and inhibits protein synthesis in cells of heart, kidney, and nervous system)
*paralysis and organ damage
8Characteristics of the Diptheria toxin?
*protein 535 amino acids
*A-B toxin
*EF2 inhibitor
9Symptoms?
Adherent pseudomembrane
fever
bleeding
sore throat and difficulty swallowing
difficulty breathing
swollen lymph nodes
perceptible sweet smell
paralysis (with swalloing muscles)
change to heart rhythm (arrythemia)
10Complications?
*blocking of airway
*damage to heart muscle (myocarditis)
*nerve damage (polyneuropathy)
*kidney damage
*loss of ability to move (paralysis)
*lung infections (resp failure or pneumonia)
11Current moratlity rate?
5-10%
12Prevention?
*Vaccination (1923 toxoid vaccine)
DTap, Tdap, DT, Td
13When are adult boosters given?
*every 10 years
14Treatment for Diptheria?
*antiserum (immunoglobulins)
>antitoxin therapy
>diptheria antitoxin (DAT)
>Antibiotics (PCN and erythromycine)
15What specific biological components makes this organism dangerous?
*phage toxin
bacteria without phage toxin isn't toxic
16When does it produce toxin?
When phage is there
17How does it colonize resp tract?
abundance of fimbriae to attatch
18Mechanism of action by exotoxin
AB toxin (B part gains entry, A affects inside cell)
19What does the exotoxin do?
*inhibits protein synthesis
causes paralysis (affects nervous system)
20A portion of exotoxin does what?
attatches to EF2 (elongation factor on ribosome) (prevents transcription in cell, cell can't survie/send signals)
21physcial appearance of adherent psudomembrane?
white film almost thrush looking (adhesive) doesn't come off
22What is unique smell to this bacteria?
*sweet smell
23What first areas are parlyzed by the bacteria?
swallowing muscles then heart
24Complication with airway?
psceudomembrane blocks airway
25What is in the vaccine?
*contains the toxin (denatures proteins by cross linking) helps the body identify parts of toxin
26What is a CDC investigational drug?
*must ask CDC for specific drug (due to rariety)