1What are mutations?
Changes in the DNA sequence
2What can errors in DNA cause?
Insertions, deletions, or substitutions
3What is a substitution mutation?
One base swapped for another
4What happens in a deletion mutation?
A base is removed
5What does the order of DNA bases determine?
Amino acid sequence in proteins
6What can mutations alter in proteins?
Amino acid sequence and function
7What does a substitution sometimes affect?
A single amino acid change
8What happens in deletion mutations?
Shifts in base triplet groups
9What is a degenerate genetic code?
Different codons code same amino acid
10Do all mutations affect amino acids?
No
11What increases mutation rates?
Mutagenic agents
12Name examples of mutagenic agents.
UV radiation, chemicals, viruses
13What are spontaneous mutations?
Errors during DNA replication
14How do mutagenic agents act?
Increase DNA replication errors