DNA technology
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1
What are mutations?
Changes in the DNA sequence
2
What can errors in DNA cause?
Insertions, deletions, or substitutions
3
What is a substitution mutation?
One base swapped for another
4
What happens in a deletion mutation?
A base is removed
5
What does the order of DNA bases determine?
Amino acid sequence in proteins
6
What can mutations alter in proteins?
Amino acid sequence and function
7
What does a substitution sometimes affect?
A single amino acid change
8
What happens in deletion mutations?
Shifts in base triplet groups
9
What is a degenerate genetic code?
Different codons code same amino acid
10
Do all mutations affect amino acids?
No
11
What increases mutation rates?
Mutagenic agents
12
Name examples of mutagenic agents.
UV radiation, chemicals, viruses
13
What are spontaneous mutations?
Errors during DNA replication
14
How do mutagenic agents act?
Increase DNA replication errors
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