1What are enzymes classified as?
Catalysts
2What do enzymes speed up?
Chemical reactions
3What role do enzymes play in metabolic reactions?
They catalyse them
4Where can enzymes act?
Intracellular or extracellular
5What are enzymes primarily made of?
Proteins
6What is the part of the enzyme where substrate molecules bind?
Active site
7How specific are enzymes in their action?
Highly specific
8What do enzymes lower in a chemical reaction?
Activation energy
9What is activation energy?
The energy needed to start a chemical reaction
10What happens when a substrate fits into an enzyme's active site?
An enzyme-substrate complex forms
11How does an enzyme facilitate the joining of two substrate molecules?
By holding them close together to reduce repulsion
12What occurs when an enzyme catalyses a breakdown reaction?
It puts a strain on the bonds in the substrate
13What does the 'Lock and Key' model represent?
The specific fit between enzyme and substrate
14What is the main limitation of the 'Lock and Key' model?
It doesn’t account for the slight shape change of the enzyme-substrate complex
15What does the 'Induced Fit' model explain?
Why enzymes are specific and how the active site changes shape
16What is a key aspect of enzyme specificity?
Only one complementary substrate fits in its active site
17How is the shape of the active site determined?
By the enzyme's tertiary structure
18What happens if the enzyme's tertiary structure is altered?
The shape of the active site changes, preventing substrate binding
19What factors can alter an enzyme's tertiary structure?
Changes in pH or temperature
20How is the primary structure of a protein determined?
By a gene
21What can a mutation in a gene affect?
The tertiary structure of the enzyme produced