Enzyme action
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1
What are enzymes classified as?
Catalysts
2
What do enzymes speed up?
Chemical reactions
3
What role do enzymes play in metabolic reactions?
They catalyse them
4
Where can enzymes act?
Intracellular or extracellular
5
What are enzymes primarily made of?
Proteins
6
What is the part of the enzyme where substrate molecules bind?
Active site
7
How specific are enzymes in their action?
Highly specific
8
What do enzymes lower in a chemical reaction?
Activation energy
9
What is activation energy?
The energy needed to start a chemical reaction
10
What happens when a substrate fits into an enzyme's active site?
An enzyme-substrate complex forms
11
How does an enzyme facilitate the joining of two substrate molecules?
By holding them close together to reduce repulsion
12
What occurs when an enzyme catalyses a breakdown reaction?
It puts a strain on the bonds in the substrate
13
What does the 'Lock and Key' model represent?
The specific fit between enzyme and substrate
14
What is the main limitation of the 'Lock and Key' model?
It doesn’t account for the slight shape change of the enzyme-substrate complex
15
What does the 'Induced Fit' model explain?
Why enzymes are specific and how the active site changes shape
16
What is a key aspect of enzyme specificity?
Only one complementary substrate fits in its active site
17
How is the shape of the active site determined?
By the enzyme's tertiary structure
18
What happens if the enzyme's tertiary structure is altered?
The shape of the active site changes, preventing substrate binding
19
What factors can alter an enzyme's tertiary structure?
Changes in pH or temperature
20
How is the primary structure of a protein determined?
By a gene
21
What can a mutation in a gene affect?
The tertiary structure of the enzyme produced
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