1Where does photosynthesis occur?
In chloroplasts of plant cells
2What are thylakoids?
Membrane sacs in chloroplasts
3What are grana?
Stacks of thylakoids
4What connects grana?
Lamellae
5What is stroma?
Fluid in chloroplasts
6Where are photosynthetic pigments found?
In thylakoid membranes
7What do pigments absorb?
Light energy
8What is chlorophyll?
A photosynthetic pigment
9What is the role of chlorophyll?
Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
10How is glucose stored in plants?
As starch in the stroma
11What are the stages of photosynthesis?
Light-dependent and light-independent reactions
12Where does the light-dependent reaction occur?
In thylakoid membranes
13What is photophosphorylation?
Adding phosphate to ADP using light
14What are the products of the light-dependent reaction?
ATP, reduced NADP, O₂
15Where does the light-independent reaction occur?
In the stroma
16What is another name for the light-independent reaction?
The Calvin cycle
17What is reduced in the light-independent reaction?
CO₂
18What is the role of ATP and NADP in the Calvin cycle?
Supply energy and hydrogen
19What is the electron transport chain?
Proteins transferring electrons to release energy
20What is non-cyclic photophosphorylation?
Produces ATP, reduced NADP, and O₂
21What is cyclic photophosphorylation?
Only produces ATP
22What absorbs light energy in photosynthesis?
Photosystems (PSI and PSII)
23What does PSII do?
Splits water into electrons, protons, and oxygen
24What is chemiosmosis?
Movement of protons driving ATP synthesis
25What enzyme makes ATP?
ATP synthase
26Which photosystem is used in cyclic photophosphorylation?
PSI