1What is an ion?
An atom (or group of atoms) that has an electric charge
2What is a positively charged ion called?
Cation
3What is a negatively charged ion called?
Anion
4What is an inorganic ion?
An ion that doesn’t contain carbon (with a few exceptions)
5Where are inorganic ions found in organisms?
In the cytoplasm of cells and body fluids
6What determines the role of an ion in the body?
Its properties
7What is haemoglobin?
A large protein that carries oxygen around the body in red blood cells
8What is at the center of each polypeptide chain in haemoglobin?
An iron ion (Fe2+)
9What binds to oxygen in haemoglobin?
The Fe2+ ion
10What happens to Fe2+ when it binds oxygen?
It temporarily becomes Fe3+ until oxygen is released
11How is pH determined?
By the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the environment
12What happens to pH when H+ concentration increases?
The pH decreases, making the environment more acidic
13How do enzyme-controlled reactions relate to pH?
They are all affected by pH
14What helps transport glucose and amino acids across membranes?
Sodium ions (Na+)
15What is the process of transporting glucose or amino acids with sodium ions called?
Co-transport
16What is a phosphate ion (PO43-) attached to another molecule called?
A phosphate group
17What molecules contain phosphate groups?
DNA, RNA, and ATP
18What stores energy in ATP?
The bonds between phosphate groups
19What allows nucleotides to form polynucleotides in DNA and RNA?
The phosphate groups