chp 17: The Microorganisms Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists

noncellular, no metabolism, cant reproduce without host, cant live outside of host

outer capsid (made up of protein subunits) and inner core (DNA or RNA)

attachment, penetration, biosynthesis maturation, and release. virus takes over immediately and bacteria dies immediately after virus release (virus enters cell and keeps duplicating until it kills the cell and is released to then infect other cells)

the bacteria dies immeidately after virus release in the lytic cycle, in the lysogenic cycle it doesnt die until phage enters causing it to enter the lytic cycle

the virus's DNA is incorporated into the host's genome (integration). when the host makes new cellls it replicates its own genetic material AND the virus DNA. this is chill until its activated to enter the lytic cycle

virus that reproduces inside a bacterium

they enter through damaged tissues and move through plasmodesmata

it takes the genetic material of the host to be let in

a virus genome that is integrated into the DNA of a host cell

naked strands of RNA not covered by capsid, plants only

protein only like virus; infect animals by converting normal proteins to misshapen ones

spheres (cocci), rods (bacilli), sprials (spirilla)

extrachromosomal DNA found in some species

flagella (helps with movement), capsule (provides protection), pilli (help with attaching to surfaces), plasmid (extra DNA)

asexually via binary fission

decomposers digest dead organic remains to return inorganic nutrients to producers; key player in nutrient cycle

methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles, acidophiles

chemoautorophs that produce methane from hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide; live in swamps and animal intestines

require high salt concentrations to grow; beach!

extremely hot environments like hot springs and submarine thermal vents; environment typically highly acidic too so acidophiles there too

in highly acidic environments with thermophiles

donor cell passes DNA to recipient through conjugation pilus

picks up free DNA from environment (physical absorption)

virus carries DNA to new cell

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

a mixed eukaryotic group of organisms including mostly unicellular, and colonial/multicellular organisms

photosynthetic algae, heterotrophic protozoans, slime, water molds

photosynthesize their own food

need an external food source to consume

ingest their food

absorb their food