1Organic molecules contain what 2 elements?
carbon and hydrogen
2What do the characteristics of carbon allow for?
a great deal of variation in carbon-based molecules
3How are monomers and polymers different?
monomers are what form polymers
4monomers
the building blocks that form molecules
5What process forms polymers from monomers?
polymerization
6What process forms monomers from polymers?
hydrolysis
7carbohydrates
short term energy storage
8What are the subunits of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides (sugar molecules)
9Name three monosaccharides
glucose, ribose, deoxyribose
10Which monosaccharide is most important to life?
glucose
11Name three disaccharides
maltose, sucrose, lactose
12What are the three disaccharides uses?
maltose is used for brewing beer, sucrose used as a sweetener, lactose is used in milk
13Name four polysaccharides
starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin
14all monosaccharides are what
monomers
15lipids
fats and oils used for long-term energy storage
16saturated
solid at room temperature, no double bonds
17unsaturated
double bonds, semi-liquid
18What lipid makes up plasma membranes of cells?
phospholipid
19What are trans fats and why are they banned at many restaurants around the world?
trans fats re a form of unsaturated fat, they are banned because they stick to saturated fats which forms plaque and causes artheroschlerosis (a disease that causes high blood pressure and heart attacks)
20What two steroid molecules are involved with sex determination in humans as well as many other mammals?
testerone and estrogen
21peptide
one or more amino acids held together by covalent bonds
22proteins
polymers of amino acids held together by peptide bonds as the primary structure
23What does denature mean?
broken down and inactivated
24How many amino acids are there in the body?
20
25What are the four structures of protein folding?
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
26secondary structure
pleated sheets or helices
27tertiary structure
has additional folding from the secondary structure
28quaternary structure
joining polypeptides each with their own primary through tertiary structure
29DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid; a double helix, made of subunits called nucleotides. bases are A, T, C, and G
30RNA
ribonucleic acid, with base U instead of T, single stranded doesnt form helix
31DNA is made of individual monomers called what?
nucleotides
32What are the 3 subunits of DNA?
5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
33What makes up the DNA ribbon?
the backbone composes of phosphates bonded to sugars
34What makes up the ladder rungs of DNA?
nitrogenus bases
35What bond is between DNA's bases?
hydrogen bonds
36Which base complements with what?
AT, GC
37DNA and RNA are what
polymers of nucleic acids involved in the genetic function of cells