chp 3: the organic molecules of life

carbon and hydrogen

a great deal of variation in carbon-based molecules

monomers are what form polymers

the building blocks that form molecules

polymerization

hydrolysis

short term energy storage

monosaccharides (sugar molecules)

glucose, ribose, deoxyribose

glucose

maltose, sucrose, lactose

maltose is used for brewing beer, sucrose used as a sweetener, lactose is used in milk

starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

monomers

fats and oils used for long-term energy storage

solid at room temperature, no double bonds

double bonds, semi-liquid

phospholipid

trans fats re a form of unsaturated fat, they are banned because they stick to saturated fats which forms plaque and causes artheroschlerosis (a disease that causes high blood pressure and heart attacks)

testerone and estrogen

one or more amino acids held together by covalent bonds

polymers of amino acids held together by peptide bonds as the primary structure

broken down and inactivated

20

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

pleated sheets or helices

has additional folding from the secondary structure

joining polypeptides each with their own primary through tertiary structure

deoxyribonucleic acid; a double helix, made of subunits called nucleotides. bases are A, T, C, and G

ribonucleic acid, with base U instead of T, single stranded doesnt form helix

nucleotides

5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base

the backbone composes of phosphates bonded to sugars

nitrogenus bases

hydrogen bonds

AT, GC

polymers of nucleic acids involved in the genetic function of cells