3.3.13 amino acids proteins dna
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1
Amino acids are a__/c__?
Amphoteric they have acidic and basic properties
Amino acids (except glycine) are chiral molecules
Amino acids (except glycine) are chiral molecules
2
How to name amino acids?
1)Find longest carbon chain
2)Number carbons
3)Find position number of amine group
4)Find other groups
-ta da
2)Number carbons
3)Find position number of amine group
4)Find other groups
-ta da
3
Whats special about amino acids?
They exist as zwitterions(have both positive and negative charge) at their isoelectric point
-COOH donates H to NH2
-COOH donates H to NH2
4
WHat if low or high pH than isoelectric point
LOW PH= COO- takes a hydrogen and forms -COOH again
HIGH PH = Hydrogen from NH3$^+$ is removed forming NH2
HIGH PH = Hydrogen from NH3$^+$ is removed forming NH2
5
TLC?
Allows us to separate and identify amino acids as they have different solubilities
6
Proteins?
Polymers made up of amino acids with peptide link (C-N)
Two amino acids make a dipeptide with -COOH and -NH2 ends.
Two amino acids make a dipeptide with -COOH and -NH2 ends.
7
Whats special about enzymes?
They have chiral centres(made up of amino acids) and donc only one enantiomer of substrate will fit into active site.
Active sites are stereospecific.
Active sites are stereospecific.
8
Hydrogen bonds positions between A and T / G and C
Nitrogen on adenine to H on Thymine. Oxygen on Thymine to H.
Oxygen on Guanine to H on cytosine. Oxygen on cytosine to Hydrogen on guanine. Nitrogen on cytosine to Hydrogen on guanine
Other base pairs dont work as partially charged atom would be too far/close
Oxygen on Guanine to H on cytosine. Oxygen on cytosine to Hydrogen on guanine. Nitrogen on cytosine to Hydrogen on guanine
Other base pairs dont work as partially charged atom would be too far/close
9
Cis-platin?
Anti-cancer drug with square planar complex with platinum ion and 2 ammonia& chloride ligands
It binds to DNA and prevents cell from reproducing .
Does this via:
Chloride ions displace and detach from complex and platinum can then bind to nitrogen on a guanine base in DNA. Done twice
This creates distortion in DNA strand preventing it from being unwind/copied
It binds to DNA and prevents cell from reproducing .
Does this via:
Chloride ions displace and detach from complex and platinum can then bind to nitrogen on a guanine base in DNA. Done twice
This creates distortion in DNA strand preventing it from being unwind/copied
10
Issues and goods?
Can affect normal cells but these side effect can be reducesd via lower dosage and more targeted delivery
Still used in chemotherapy tratement due to long term benefit of it MAYBE eliminating cancer.
Still used in chemotherapy tratement due to long term benefit of it MAYBE eliminating cancer.