* BIOLOGY PRACTICALS

This is because electrons have shorter wavelengths then light so higher resolving power.

Glass disc inside microscope with a scale to measure size of objects viewing but as you change mag you have to recalibrate(as the scale now differs)

Stage micrometer is used which is glass slide with scale you place on stage(sub-divisions = 10 micrometers)
1)Line up stage micrometer with eye piece graticule
2)Count how many sub-divisions in eye piece graticule fit in one micrometer division
3)Since one whole division on stage micrometer is 100, divide by (sub-divisions of eye piece that fit into micrometer) 20 =5 so one sub-division in eye piece is 5 micrometers

To separate cell walls and allow stain to diffuse into cell and stop mitosis

Steins chromosomes making them alot more visible

Growing region where mitosis should be occuring

To get a thin layer of cells so light can can pass through

Step by step dilution of substance in solution.
Enables you to make solutions with low concentration easily without having to use very small volumes
- Use one part solution 9 part water

C1 X V1 = C2 X V2
V2 =V1 + volume of distilled water to dilute/add to

No shading
Use single and continous lines(no sketching)
Label parts
Dont cross lable lines
Include a scale
No colour

1)At bottom of petri dish label whats growing and date(in case it goes missing and some1 finds it)
2)Flame any equipment/ top of bottles before and after using them via bunsern burner
3)After usage place equipment in disinfectant(virkon)
4)Seal container with tape but not fully (bacteria need oxygen)
5)Inoculate it at around 25C(not higher to prevent growth of more dangerous bacteria)

Area where medicine destroyed bacteria

To dissolve it

Can continaminate it with dirt/oil and damage the coating of silica gel in the tlc plate

To disrupt cell walls and maintain a isotonic and buffered condition so chlroplast dont get destroyed

Zeroing with a blank cuvette removes all effects the container itself could have on absorbance