Hydrographic Surveying and Sounding Methods
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1
What is the process of determining the horizontal position of a measured depth with respect to an established horizontal control system called?
Position-fixing
2
What method of locating soundings relies on a boat traveling at a constant speed along parallel range lines set perpendicular to the shoreline baseline?
Time Interval along a Range Line
3
What method of locating soundings uses a transit or theodolite at one end of a baseline to measure the angle to the boat's reference sight?
Range Line and an Angle from Shore
4
Which method of locating soundings applies to small water bodies with many shoreline bends where range lines are laid out intersecting at approximately right angles?
Intersecting Range Lines
5
What type of operation uses intersecting range lines to determine if the bottom of a river is filling or scouring?
Dredging operations
6
What stadia formula is used to compute the distance d from the instrument to the sounding location?
d = K s + C
7
What are the standard multiplier K and additive constant C values for a stadia instrument designed to simplify calculations?
K = 100 and C = 0
8
What method of locating soundings stretches a graduated wire or cross rope perpendicular from baseline hubs to the survey boat across a narrow stream?
Cross rope method
9
What alternative name is commonly used for the Cross rope method of locating soundings?
Tag-line Method
10
What method of locating soundings involves observing vertical depression angles from an instrument on higher ground to a boat?
Norwegian method
11
What survey method is applied when using two instrument stations on shore to simultaneously observe the direction of an offshore vessel?
Intersection Method
12
In the two angles from shore method, what is the ideal intersection angle range for the observed lines from both stations to the boat?
Between 30^{\circ} and 150^{\circ}
13
What problem type involves determining the position of an instrument by measuring horizontal angles between three points of known position?
Resection Problem
14
What instrument is typically used by an observer on a boat to measure horizontal angles in a three-point fix?
A sextant
15
In a three-point fix, when is the strongest fix achieved if the observer is inside the triangle formed by the three objects?
When the objects form an equilateral triangle with the observer at the center
16
What is the sum of the three observed angles that results in an indeterminate fix in a three-point resection?
Angle BAC + Angle BOA + Angle COA = 180^{\circ}
17
What formula is used to compute angle y in the three-point resection problem?
\cot y = \cot R + \frac{b \sin \psi}{a \sin \lambda \sin R}
18
What formula determines angle x once angle y is computed in the three-point resection problem?
x = R - y
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