1What are the different types of hemagglutinations?
Direct agglutination & hemagglutination
Indirect agglutination
Reserve passive agglutination
Agglutination inhibition
Hemagglutination inhibition
2What is direct agglutination?
occurs when antigens are found naturally on a particle
3What is the principle of direct agglutination?
antigen is naturally found on a particle
4What are the results of direct agglutination?
agglutination indicates the presence of patient antibody.
5What is hemagglutination?
an agglutination reaction involving RBCs
6What type of rxn is ABO Blood Typing ?
Hemagglutination
7How does ABO blood typing work?
Patient RBCs are mixed with an antiserum of the IgM type.
8What does ABO Blood Typing determine?
Presence or absence of the A and B antigens
9What are the different gradings in ABO Blood Typing?
Negative, grade 1, grade 2, grade 3, and grade 4
10What is indirect (passive) agglutination?
employs particles that are COATED WITH ANTIGENS not normally found on their surfaces.
11What are the results for indirect (passive) agglutination?
Agglutination indicated the presence of patient antibody
12What type of agglutination is done prior to blood transfusions?
indirect (passive agglutination)
13What is the principle for Reverse passive agglutination?
particles coated with reagent antibody
14what are the results for reverse passive agglutination?
agglutination indicates presence of patient antibody
15What is the principle of agglutination inhibition?
Haptens attached to carrier particles. Particles compete with patient antigens for a limited number to antibody sites.
16What are the results of agglutination inhibition?
Lack of agglutination is a positive test, indicating the presence of patient antigen
17What is the principle of hemagglutination inhibition?
Red blood cells spontaneously agglutinate if viral particles are present.
18What is the result of hemagglutination inhibition?
lack of agglutination is a POSITIVE test - indicating presence of patient ANTIBODY