lecture 11 * diganostics *

1. science

reserch question

x= T+e

2. helthcare

request for help

decision

3. every day life

decide under uncertainty
decision

1. type I error
2. type II error t "

false positive

man "you are pregnant"

false negative

preganat woman "you are not pregnant

we need p value less than 5 in order to conclude

1. science

research question → knowledge → act in the far future

1. helthcare

care question → knowledge → act directly

nomos = law

overall , abstract , universal or phenimena

look for similarieites

idios = own

concrete , unique and individual aspect of phenomena

look for differences

1. nomothetic approach
2. ideographic approach

CBCL : nomothetic and idiographic approch

look at uniqe aspects of a child , compared to the norm data

we need something to look for

if we only test , we will find something

that something migh not be relevant

theory → hypothesis ( deduction 'test theory ' ) → perception → generalisation ( induction 'build theory')

we can falsify ( null hypothesis testing ' its not true that nothing is going on ' )

1. evidence based psychological assesemnt

treatemnt but also assesment

assesment : diagnose, refine diagnosis , evaluate tratment

wider context : measure recovery , competence , specific problems

2. EBPA :
reserch , clinical expertise , patient charctersitics

> integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient charcateristics, culture and preferance

testing and assesemnt ( diagnostic)

adimnistering test , obtain score based on norms

yakes variety of test scores , from multiple test methods , cosiders history, refferal information , observeing behaviour

degree to which the person attributes various traits to themselves

person attributes meaning to ambigous stimulus → derive somethng about theis style or how they gain info

test scores are derived form person's performance

derived form indexes of a person's behaviour

scores based on knowledfeble judgements of a person's charcteristics

1. self attribution
2. stimulus attribution
3. performance based
4. constructive
5. observational

1. evaluate assesment tools
1. choose
2. administer
3. interpret
4. integrate
5. communicate

less emphasis on psychological assesment , less variance in material , more self report

distinguishing between quality

prevent tunnel vision

continuously questioning one's assumptions

awareness of the limits of one's knowledge and skills (system 1 / system 2 )

adapt to differennt audiences

avoid bluntness

1. locating and evaluating evidence
2. critical thinking and mindful decision making
3. communicatin of assesment and findings and their implications

1. use evidence based guidelines
2. apply actuarial / Baysian approach
3. ongoing training
4. self monitoring for fatigue / distraction / overload
5. be personally accountable
6. consider the opposite

1. multiple idenities
sexual , religious, ethcnic , political
evolve over lifetime
context / life history
1. universal test design

accommodate cultural backgroundn

different norms for different cultures

1. most prevelant
2. no disturbance in daily life ( smetimes psychopathology enhances succes )
3. no psychopathology ( definitions varies )
4. succesful adaptation ( evidence and flexible adaptation to difficulties )
5. wellbeing

10% of people have mental health problems

1. culture

system form knowledge , cocnepts and rules that are transffered form genration to generation

1. univeralist vision ( ethic)

universal statement of human rights

1. emic ( cultural / relativism )
2. gradual differences
3. cultural dimensions

collectivism / individualism

power distance

masculinity

prevent stereotyping
diversity within culture

DSM : diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disordrs

ICD the classification of mental and bneahviouralisorders

DSM not aimed to find a cause

initially use in order to communicate " of we see this we will call it schitzofrenia "

link to ICD

better substantiated

severity scores

culture related diagnosis ( viatnemes panick attacks )

diversity ( overlap )

comorbidity

tor spontaneous
temporary
aim towards goal
diatance and proximity
qulaity of relationship is very important
'therapeutic assesment' :engagemnt
deal with cultural difeverity
dynamic