1what are needs?
need: internal state of tension
2what is a press ?
external force
3what is a motive ?
behaviour activating, goal directed internal state
4what is motivation ?
consistent and relatively enduring pattern of motives
5how can needs vary ?
in intensity and direction
6what is intesity ?
strong versus weak
7what is direction ?
attraction (→ 'approach) versus repulsiion (→ "avoidance")
8what are the primary visceroginic needs ?
1. pshysiologcal : air ,water , food , sex
2. safety : war, violence, environment
9what are the secondary psychogenic needs ?
1. belongingness : family , frinds , inscuded
2. esteem : uniqe perosnlity, values → recognised
3. self actualization : growt need , become who you want to be
10who invented the secondary psychogenic needs ?
Maslow
11what are the pronciples hierarchy of needs ?
lower order needs have to be fulfilled before higher order needs
12what will non fullfilment of lower needs lead to ?
non fullfilment of lower oreder needs more pressing than higher order needs
13what are more modern principles regarding the hierarchiy of needs ?
psychology states otherwhise, all needs can happen at the same time and nifferent prioritization
14what are the primary needs of a baby ?
physiological needs
15what are the primary needs of a child ?
safety needs
16what are the primary needs of individual in puberty ?
belongingess needs
17what are the primary needs of a young adult ?
self esteem
18what are the primary needs of an adult ?
slef actualization needs
19what is an aplha press ?
objective reality
20what is a beta press ?
precieved reality
21how can a press vary ?
intensity : stong vs weak
direction : attraction vs repulsion
persistance: perseverence versis resignation
22what does traditional of satisfaction state ?
the opposite of satisfaction is disatisfaction
23what does Herzberg's two factor theory of satisfaction state ?
the opposite of satisfaction is a low satisfaction and the opposite of dissatishaction is no dissatisfaction
24what are motivators ?
they give you satisfaction when present but if absent do not give you disatisfaction
25when are we more likely to apporach ?
approaching real or percieved ' satisfiers' ( motivators leading to satisfaction )
26when are we more likey to avoid ?
avoiding real or percieved 'dissatisfiers' ( i.e. hygene factors leading to dissatisfaction )
27how are hygene factors seen ?
hygene factos ( dissatisfiers ) have more to do with safety and physiolgical facors
28how are motivator factors seen ?
motivator factos ( satisfiers ) have more to do with belongingess esteem and self actualization
29how do motives relate with dispositions ?
motives are generarly considered as dispositions
motives ('states') are often used to indicate motivation ('dispositin ')
30what are the three main motivations ?
1. achievement
2. affiliation
3. power
31what are achievement motivations (Ach) ?
achieved by the desire to do something better , have succes and to be competent
32what is the affiliation motivation (nInt) ?
activated by the need for warm and intimate relationships with others
33what is the power motivation (nPow) ?
activated by need to have ipact
34what do nAch individuals prefer ?
1. tasks that are moderetly vhsllenging
2. tsdkd in whcih they are personally responsible for the results
3. tasks after which negative feedback is recieved about the results ( low cortisol reaction )
35why do nAch individual prefer moderate tasks ?
tasks too easy : everyone will do well
tasks to hard : everyone will do poorly
averege task : more opportunity to shine if they try their best
36how do people with high nInt compare with others ?
think more about relationships and ecpirience more prositice emotions in company
make more eye contact and smile
more expressive and communicative when in company
derive more prealsure from ( intimate ) contract with few good frinds an from shallow contract in large group
37how does nInt compare between genders ?
women are higher than men
38what types of situations do nPow individuals prefere ?
situations with control
take more risks in gambling
expirince more stress whn they dont get their was : muscle tenssion , higher blood pressure, lower immune respnse
act more argumentaitve and assertive
39how can we asses the motivations ?
any pice of text / spoken word :
letters
presentation
interviws
40how does the TAT test work ?
ambiguous pictures
stories : what is happening
instruction : own interpetation in a short story
41what does nAch involve in a TAT test ?
nAch involves a standard of excellence
42what does nInt / nAff involve in a TAT test ?
nInt/nAff involves establishing / mentaining / restoring frindly relations
43what does nPow involve in a TAT test ?
nPow involves ipact/ conrol / infleucne
44how do we deal with reccuring motivess ?
same motives is not scored if it reoccurs in the same ot the next sentance, but ut us scored whn the same motive is separated by another motive
45in regards to the maslow pyramind what is the self actualization motive ?
fully becoming who you are
fully utilizing your potential
46how is the press in a self actualization motive ?
more 'pull' than 'push' factors
47what characteristics do people with a self actualization motive have ?
self acceptance , spontineity, interest, sense of wonder, creativity, problem orienetd, culture independet
48what is a flow ?
state in which someone is immenrsed in an activity so they
49how does the flow influence an individual with slef actualization motive ?
have lost track of time
do some expirince fatigue
maek full use of their capacity
50what is the inverse of flow ?
apathy