Unit 5: Homeostasis

Homeostasis is a self-regulating process that allows an organism to maintain internal stability while adjusting to changing external conditions.

Regulating the movement of molecules from one side of the membrane to the other

Portion of the lipid bilayer that makes up the inside layer and is “water-hating”

Portion of the lipid bilayer that is attracted to water and is “water-loving”

Molecule that helps stabilize the membrane so it is not too fluid or solid

Move large or charged materials across the membrane

Chemical identification cards to assist with identifying other cells

The movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane

A solution is hypertonic to a cell if it has a greater amount of solute concentration and a less water concentration

A solution is hypotonic to a cell if it has a less solute concentration and a greater water concentration

A solution is isotonic to a cell if it has the same solute and water concentration

From a low to high concentration - with the concentration gradient

The shrinking of animal cells due to a lack of water

The bursting of animal cells due to a surplus of water

When the plasma membrane in a plant cell separates from the cell membrane and it shrinks and contracts away from the cell wall along with the cyptoplasm, due to a lack of water

When a plant cell swells and the contents of the cell push against the cell wall, due to a surplus of water

Animal cells can burst if they have a surplus of water and are able to shrink if they lack water - they can change shape. Plant cells don't change shape and only the inside of the cell is affected because the cell wall is really strong - they can't change shape

They move large molecules and ions across the cell membrane, using ATP - against the concentration gradient

When a cell surrounds and engulfs large materials, which causes the material to store as a vacoule in the cell

When large materials inside the vacoule of the cell(typically waste) fuse with the cell membrane to be released - requires energy

A system that decreases the stimulus in order to maintain homeostasis

A system that increases stimulus and enhances the response in order to maintain homeostasis

Hormones that can pass through the cell membrane because they are lipids and bind to receptors inside the cell

Hormones that can't pass through the cell membrane because they are proteins and bind to receptors on the cell

The bloodstream transports hormones througout the body to target cells

Insulin is released from the pancreas when blood sugar is high and tells the liver to take the glucose out of the blood and store it as glycogen for use in the future, glucagon is released from the pancreas when blood sugar is low and tells the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and put it back into the blood

Connects the brain stem to the spinal cord to relay information

Plays a key role in motor movements and balance and is located between the cerebrum and the brain stem

Above the ceebellum and is responsible for controlling muscle functions, speech, and more

Sends information from the brain to the body to form a response, sends sensory information from the body to the brain(eyes, ears), and coordinates reflexes

The automatic and involuntarily action of an organ or muscle in response to a stimulus

Nerves that carry signals to the CNS from the body's sense organs

Nerves that transmit information from the CNS to muscles and glands throughout the body

The point at which a nueron transfer an impulse to another cel and is the space in between two cells and seperates the axon terminal to the adjacent cell

Chemicals that transmit an impulse across a synapse to another cell - the electrical impulse from a nueron transforms into a chemical, a nuerotransmiter to transfer the impulse into the next cell

A protein inside or on the surface of the cell that binds to a specific substance to cause a specific reaction in the cell

Blood vessels enlarge and sweat is released

Blood vessels constrict and the body starts shivering

Endocrine - uses chemical signals, has a slow response, long duration | Nervous - uses electrochemical signals, has a fast response, short duration