1term for onset of breast development (first sign of puberty)
Thelarche
2term for appearance of pubic and axillary hair
Pubarche
3term for first menstrual period (ovulation often begins one year later)
Menarche
4term for cessation of menstrual cycle (between 45-55 yrs)
Menopause
5What is Oogenesis?
production of female gametes called ova (takes years to complete), one viable ovum and 2-3 polar bodies
6Describe physical appearance of primordial follicle
primary oocyte surronded by one layer of squamoslike follicle cells
7Describe physical appearance of primary follicle
primary oocyte (enlarged) surronded by one layer of cuboidal follicle cells
8Describe physical appearance of secondary follicle
secondary oocytes surronded by stratified layer of follicle cells (now granulosa cells)
9Describe physical appearance of late secondary follicle cells
secondary oocyte surronded by granulosa cells (stratified follicle cells) there are fluid filled spaces between them now
10Describe physical appearance of Vesicular (Graafian) follicles
large fluid filled cavity called (antrum) forms around the primary oocycte
11What is the mature follicle called (before ovulation)
Vesicular (Graafian) follicle
12What is the fluid filled space within the Vesicular (graafian follicle)
antrum
13Name the stem cells that divide rapidly in fetal period
Oogonia
14Primary oocytes begin ___ and are arrested in ___
*meiosis 1
*prophase 1
15What completes meiosis 1?
primary oocyte of secondary follicle
16What is produced from completion of meiosis 1?
secondary oocyte and polar body (released from ovary)
17What happens to oocyte after ovulation (being released)?
secondary oocyte arrests in metaphase 11
18when the secondary oocyte is penetrated by sperm it becomes a ___ ovum
functional ovum
19Oogenesis results in... error rate?
1 viable ovum (2-3 polar bodies)
error rate 20%
20What are the two phases of the ovarian cycle?
*Follicular phase
(ovulation)
*Luteal
21What happens during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle? duration?
*period of follicular growth and estrogen secretion (by follicular cells) (1-14 dys)
22What ruptures during the ovulation portion of the follicular phase? when does they ussually happen within the cycle?
mature follicle and ovary wall rupture (secondary oocyte is expelled) happens mid cycle
23What happens during the Luteal phase of the ovarian cycle? duration?
*corpus luteum releases progesterone (prepare uterine linning for implantation) (dys 14-28)
24What is the Uterine (menstrual cycle)?
*months changes of endometrium (due to fluctuation of ovarian hormones levels)
25What are the three phases of the uterine (menstrual cycle)?
*menstrual phase
*proliferative phase
*secretory phase
26What happens during the menstrual phase?
(esotrogen and progestrone) plummet (body shedding endometrium) not trying to keep a baby
27What happens during the proliferative phase?
*estrogen levels start to rise (endometrium rebuilds and new stratum functanalis forms)
28What happens during the secretory phase? (hormones/tissues)
*progesterone levels rise now (from corpus luteum), stratum functionalis becomes secretory mucosa, now ready for implanatation of fertilized ovum
29What dys are menstrual phase?
1-5
30What dys are proliferative phase?
(6-14)
31What dys are secretory phase?
15-28
32What causes the stratum functionalis to be sloughed off? described the steps
*no fertilzation, the corpus luteum becomes corpus albican and stops secreting progesterone, cycle restarts
33What hormones regulate follicle growth and estrogen secretion?
*FSH
*LH
34What hormone triggers ovulation?
LH
35What hormone is produced by follicle cells?
estrogens
36What role does estrogen play?
helps with maturation, and maintenance of the female reporductive system
37What is produced by the corpus luteum (placenta) and maintains pregnancy?
progesterone
38What two hormones establish and regulate the uterine cycle?
*estrogene
*progesterone