Biological molecules
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1
What do Alpha glucose molecules look like (unsimplified)?
2
What do Alpha glucose molecules look like (simplifed)
3
What change do beta glucose molecules have that make them diffrent to alpha glucose molecules?
The H and OH molecules are swapped
4
What is alpha glucose usally used for?
glycogen and starch
5
What is beta glucose usally used for?
celluose
6
Define the word 'isomers'
a molecule sharing the same formula but having a different arrangment of atoms
7
How many bonds can a carbon atom make?
4
8
How many bonds can an oxygen atom make?
2
9
How many bonds can a hydrogen atom make?
1
10
What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
Cx(H20)y
11
Give 5 functions of carbohydrates in living organisms
1. Energy directly to cells
2. Energy stored as complex carbs (long term storage)
3. Form structural components (e.g. cellulose)
4. Involved in celluar recognition (Helps cells ientify and comminucate with other cells)
5. Building blocks of other molecules (e.g.Deoxyribose & ribose needing to make nucleic acids)
2. Energy stored as complex carbs (long term storage)
3. Form structural components (e.g. cellulose)
4. Involved in celluar recognition (Helps cells ientify and comminucate with other cells)
5. Building blocks of other molecules (e.g.Deoxyribose & ribose needing to make nucleic acids)
12
What is the general formula for monosaccharides?
Cn(H2O)n
13
What are pentose sugars?
Carbs with 5 carbon atoms
14
What are hexose sugars?
carbs with 6 carbon atoms
15
What is the OH on the right side of a glucose sugar called?
The hydroxyl group
16
What are 2 key features of glucose?
1. Soluble
-> Dissolves easily in water
-> Ideal for transport around the body via blood plasma
2. Rich in energy
-> Bonds store a lot of energy
-> Dissolves easily in water
-> Ideal for transport around the body via blood plasma
2. Rich in energy
-> Bonds store a lot of energy
17
Give 3 examples of Disaccharides and what their made of
18
What happens during a condensation reaction?
1. Two monosacchardies hydoroxl groups react
2. This forms a 1-4 glycosidic bond
3. And produces water
4. This is now a disaccharide
2. This forms a 1-4 glycosidic bond
3. And produces water
4. This is now a disaccharide