1What is disease classification of Cholera?
gastroenteritis
3Reservoir?
animals and their water supply
5MOT?
fecal oral route (contaminated drinking water)
6two main serogroups? (subtypes)
*O:1
*O:139
7Name and structure of CO?
*vibrio cholera
*gram negative rod (GNR)
*vibrio shape
*motile, with single flagellum
8What does vibrio cholera excrete?
*exotoxin (cholera toxin)
9Incubation?
5 hrs to 5 dys
10Basic pathogenesis:
bacteria colonizes small intestine surface, releases cholera toxin causing epithelium to loose electrolytes and water (into intestinal lumen). Leads to watery diarrhea, dehydration, and shock.
11What is specific name of Vibrio cholera toxin? What receptor does it bind to on host membrane (enterocyte)?
SB:1A binds to ganglioside CM1
12how does the toxin enter cells?
endocytosis
13Where does cholera toxin go after it enters the cell?
enters via endocytosis and is sent to cytoplasm
14What happens after the cholera toxin reaches the cytoplasm?
A1 peptide portion attatches and ADP ribose to amino acid within the hosts G-protein, this messes with adenylase cyclase regulation
15What happens after cholera toxin alter the hosts G-protein?
cyclic AMP levels rise in cell
16What causes cyclic AMP levels to rise in cell?
A1 peptide of cholera toxin adjusting the activity of the G protein (through attaching and ADP ribose to an amino acid)
17What affect to high cyclic AMP levels have on ion-transport systems?
*high levels lead to activation of ion-transport systems (causes electrolyte imbalance) water follows the ions out of cells leading to diarrhea
18What are symptoms? be specific
*sever diarrhea (upto 2 L/hr)
*dehyration
19Complications?
*severe dehydration
*shock
*morality
20Explain the mortality percentages:
*if untreated upto 50%
*treated is less than 1%
21Treatment?
*rehydration therapy
*antibiotics (tetracycline)
22Prevention?
*avoid contaminated water supplies
*treat suspect H2O
*use proper sanitization
*disinfect contaminated surfaces
*cook food thoroughly
*vaccination (time specific)
23Name of vaccine used for prevention?
*Vaxchora