Cholera

gastroenteritis

vibrio cholera

animals and their water supply

digestive tract

fecal oral route (contaminated drinking water)

*O:1
*O:139

*vibrio cholera
*gram negative rod (GNR)
*vibrio shape
*motile, with single flagellum

*exotoxin (cholera toxin)

5 hrs to 5 dys

bacteria colonizes small intestine surface, releases cholera toxin causing epithelium to loose electrolytes and water (into intestinal lumen). Leads to watery diarrhea, dehydration, and shock.

SB:1A binds to ganglioside CM1

endocytosis

enters via endocytosis and is sent to cytoplasm

A1 peptide portion attatches and ADP ribose to amino acid within the hosts G-protein, this messes with adenylase cyclase regulation

cyclic AMP levels rise in cell

A1 peptide of cholera toxin adjusting the activity of the G protein (through attaching and ADP ribose to an amino acid)

*high levels lead to activation of ion-transport systems (causes electrolyte imbalance) water follows the ions out of cells leading to diarrhea

*sever diarrhea (upto 2 L/hr)
*dehyration

*severe dehydration
*shock
*morality

*if untreated upto 50%
*treated is less than 1%

*rehydration therapy
*antibiotics (tetracycline)

*avoid contaminated water supplies
*treat suspect H2O
*use proper sanitization
*disinfect contaminated surfaces
*cook food thoroughly
*vaccination (time specific)

*Vaxchora