Posi 2

PP: Px erect, Hand on lower hips, Palms out, Elbows partially flexed.

CR: Perp. to IR & centerd to midsagittal plane at level of T7

Part posi: Align midsagittal plane with CR w/ Midline of IR. , Ensure no rotation of thorax by placing the midcoronal plane to the IR

Anatomy demonstrated: Included are both lungs from apices, Hilum region markings, heart, great vessels, and bony thorax are demonstrated

PP: Px erect, seated on cart, arms around cassette unless a chest IR device is used.

CR: Perp. to the IR and centered to the midsagittal plane at the level of T7, Cassette centered level of CR

Part posi: Shoulder rotated fw and dw. ensure no rotation of thorax

Recommended collimation : Collimate to area of lung fields, upper border of illuminated field should be level of T7

A 90* perspective from PA projection may demonstrate pathology situated posterior to the heart, great vessels and sternum

PP : Px erect, left side against IR unless px complaint. Arms raised above head, chin up

Part posi: Center Px to CR and IR anteriorly and posteriorly , Position in true lateral position

CR: Perp. directed to midthorax at level of T7 (3 to 4 inches)

Included are the entire lungs from apices to the costophrenic angles and from the sternum anteriorly to the posterior ribs and thorax posteriorly

PP : Px seated on cart; Legs over the edge if this easier for px, Arms crossed above head or hold on to arm support, Chin extended upward

PP : Remove armrest, if possile, or place pillow or other support, Turn px in wheelchair to lateral position as close to IR as possible. Have px lean forward and place support blocks behind back; Raise arms above head and have px hold on to support bar-keeping arms high

Center px to CR and IR by checking anterior and posterior aspect of thorax; adjust CR and IR to level of T7

CR Perp. directed to level of T7 (3 to 4 inches below level of jugular notch. Top of IR about 1 inch above vertebra prominens

Demonstrate pathology involving the lungs, diaphragm and mediastinum
Determining air-fluid levels requires a completely erect position w/ a horizontal CR.

PP : Px is supine on cart; if possible the head end of the cart or bed should be raised into a semierect position. Roll px shoulders forward by rotating arms medially or internally

Place IR under or behind px; align center of IR to CR, Center px to CR and to IR check by viewing px

Angled caudad to be perpendicular to long axis of sternum. CR to level of T7 3 to 4 inches

Collimate on four side to area of lung fields (top border of light field to level vertebra prominens

Small pleural effusions are demonstrated by air-fluid levels in pleural space.

PP : Cardiac board on the cart or radiolucent pad under px , Px lying on right side for right lateral decubitus and on left side for left lateral decubitus

Adjust height of IR to center thorax to IR, Adjaust px and cart to center midsagittal plane and T7, 3 to 4" inferior to level of jugular notch.

Collimate on four sides to area of lung fields

Entire lungs, Including apices, both costophrenic angles, and both lateral borders of ribs should be included

Rule out calcification and masses beneath the clavicles

Px standing 1 foot away from iR and leaning back w/ shoulders, neck and back of head against IR. Both px hands on hips, palms out; shoulders rolled forward

Perp. to IR, centered to midsternum (3 to 4" (9cm) below jugular notch

Collimate on four sides to area of lung fields (top of border light filed to level of vertebra prominens)

Entire lung fields and clavicles should be included

Investigate pathology involving the lung fields, trachea, and mediastinal structure. Determine the size and contours of the heart and great vessels.

Px erect, rotated 45* w/ left anterior shoulder against IR for LAO and 45* w/ right anterior shoulder against IR for RAO, Px arm flexed nearest IR and hand placed on hip, palm out

As viewed from the x-ray tube, center the px to CR and to IR with top of IR about 1" above vertebra prominens

Perp. to lvl of T7 (7 to 8"(8-10cm) below level of vertebra. Collimate on four side to area of lung fields

Both lungs from the apices to the costophrenic angles should be included. Air-filled trachea, great vessels and heart outlines are best visualized w/ 60* LAO position

Investigate pathology involving the lung fields, trachea, and mediastinal structures. Determine the size and contours of the heart and great vessels

Px erect, rotated 45* w/ right posterior shoulder against IR for RPO and 45* w/ left posterior shoulder against IR for LPO

If Px cannot stand or sit, Take posterior obliques on table. Place supports under px head and under elevated hip and shoulder

Top of IR and 1" above vertebra prominens or about 5" above level of jugular notch. Thorax centered to CR and to IR

Perp. to level of T7

Evaluation criteria are similar to criteria of anterior oblique position described earlier