1.4 Covalent Bonding
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1
When does covalent bonding occur?
When non-metals bond with other non-metals
2
Explain how covalent bonds form
Atoms want to have a full outer shell
Non-metals want to gain electrons so they share pairs of electrons
When atoms share pairs of electrons, they form a covalent bond
Non-metals want to gain electrons so they share pairs of electrons
When atoms share pairs of electrons, they form a covalent bond
3
What is meant by the terms bonding and non-bonding electrons?
Bonding electrons - Shared pairs of electrons
Non-bonding electrons - Electrons in outer shell not involved in covalent bonding
Non-bonding electrons - Electrons in outer shell not involved in covalent bonding
4
What forms when two or more atoms bond together?
They form molecules
These can be small or giant
These can be small or giant
5
How strong are covalent bonds?
Very strong
6
What are the attractive forces between molecules in a substance?
Weak intermolecular forces
7
Do simple covalent molecules conduct electricity? Why?
No, because they do not contain free electrons
8
Dot and Cross Diagram for Hydrogen molecule
9
Dot and Cross Diagram for Hydrogen Chloride molecule
10
Dot and Cross Diagram for Water molecule
11
Dot and Cross Diagram for Methane molecule
12
Dot and Cross Diagram for Oxygen molecule
13
Dot and Cross Diagram for Carbon Dioxide molecule
14
Dot and Cross Diagram for Nitrogen molecule
15
Dot and Cross Diagram for Ammonia molecule
16
Dot and Cross Diagram for Chlorine molecule