1What is chemical bonding?
The process in which particles are chemically combined
2What are the 3 types of bonding?
metallic, ionic, covalent
3What makes noble gases stable?
They have a completely filled valence shell making them unreactive
4What makes non-noble atoms reactive?
The fact that they do not have a fully filled valence shell
5What is ionic bonding?
It is the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal
6Compounds formed from ionic bonding are known as?
Ionic compounds
7Why are ions strongly attracted to each other?
They are oppositely charged and have strong electrostatic charges thereby forming an ionic bond
8What is an ionic bond?
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
9In what order do you name an ionic compound?
Positive ion first, followed by negative anion, with the anion ending in -ide
10In a dot-and-cross diagram, how do you label whether multiple atoms of that element are needed for ionic bonding
By putting the number to the left of the enclosed bracket of the atom
11In a dot-and-cross diagram, how do you label the charge of an atom for ionic bonding?
By writing the charge and then the sign for negative or positive at the top right corner of the bracket of the atom
12What is the large structure in an ionic compound known as?
Giant Ionic Crystal Lattice Structure
13Do ionic compounds have a high or low melting point
high melting point
14What is the force of attraction of ionic compounds?
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
15How much energy is required to break the forces of attraction of ionic compounds?
A lot of energy is required to break the attraction
16What state is an ionic compound most likely to be in?
Solid
17In what states do ionic compounds conduct electricity?
liquid and aqueous but not in solid state
18Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity only when molten or aqueous?
The strong electrostatic forces between the ions are broken down. The free moving ions can then carry an electric current when a potential difference is applied
19Why can't ionic compounds conduct electricity when solid?
The ions are immobilised in the giant ionic crystal lattice structure by the strong electrostatic forces between the ions meaning no free moving ions can carry electrical current
20What are ionic compounds soluble in?
Water
21What are ionic compounds insoluble in?
Organic Solvents such as alcohol and acetone
22Do ionic compounds have high or low volatility?
Low meaning they do not evaporate easily
23What is a covalent bond?
A chemical bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons between 2 non-metals
24What sign is used in the structural formula when 2 atoms are sharing 1 and 2 electrons respectively?
- for 1 and = for 2
25What type of structure do covalent compounds have?
Simple molecular structures existing as small discrete molecules
26Within the molecules, the atoms are held together by?
Strong intramolecular covalent bonds, and weak intermolecular forces aka Van der Waals Forces
27Do covalent compounds have high or low melting points?
Low (typically below 200C)
28How much energy is required to break the forces of attraction in a covalent compound
A small amount of energy is required to break the weak Van der Waals forces of attraction between molecules
29What state are covalent compounds typically in?
Gaseous at room temperature and pressure
30Do covalent compounds conduct electricity? Why/why not?
No, in all states as there are no free moving ions to carry a current when a potential difference is applied
31What are covalent compounds soluble in?
Organic solvents such as ethanol
32What are covalent compounds insoluble in?
Water
33Do colvalent compounds have high or low volatility?
High as the intermolecular forces are weak meaning the molecules are free to move
34Is an alloy a mixture or a compound?
mixture
35Do alloys melt at fixed temperatures?
No, the melt over a range of temperatures
36SEAT format for ionic compounds
S- They have a giant ionic crystal lattice structure
E- A lot of energy is required to break the
A- strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
T- Therefore, they have a high melting / boiling point
37SEAT format for covalent compounds
S- They have a simple molecular structure
E- A small amount of energy is required to break the
A- weak Van Der Waals forces of attraction between the molecules
T- Therefore they have a low melting / boiling point