1The total number of people living in a particular geographic area at a given time.
Population
2The scientific study of human population characteristics, including size, distribution, density, age structure, fertility, mortality, and migration.
Demography
3Which demographic indicator measures the average number of children born per woman?
Fertility rate.
4What characterizes Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model?
High birth rate and high death rate.
5What characterizes Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model?
High birth rate with a declining death rate.
6What factors cause the declining birth rate in Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model?
Education, urbanization, and family planning.
7What characterizes Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model?
Low birth rate and low death rate with a stable population.
8What happens in the proposed Stage 5 of the Demographic Transition Model?
Below-replacement fertility leading to population decline and aging societies.
9Which data visualization is most appropriate for showing age and sex composition?
Population pyramid.
10It simplifies complex demographic information and supports evidence-based decision-making in population studies.
Data visualization
11Which global regions are experiencing rapid population growth?
Parts of Africa and South Asia.
12Which regions or countries are notable for having aging populations?
Europe, Japan, and South Korea.
13What drivers propel international migration?
Employment, education, conflict, and environmental change.
14What are the major indicators used in population studies?
Population Size, Population Density, Birth Rate, Death Rate, Fertility Rate, Infant Mortality Rate, Life Expectancy, Dependency Ratio, Net Migration Rate, and Urbanization Rate.
15What key aspects of sustainable development are influenced by population change?
Poverty reduction, health care, education, employment, food security, environmental sustainability, infrastructure, climate resilience, and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
16Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Brundtland Commission (1987) Sustainable development
17What are the three main pillars of sustainability?
Environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and social sustainability.
18What does environmental sustainability focus on?
Biodiversity conservation, climate action, renewable energy, pollution reduction, responsible waste management, and sustainable resource use.
19Inclusive economic growth, decent employment, responsible production, entrepreneurship, innovation, and financial resilience.
Economic sustainability
20Equity, education, health care, gender equality, human rights, community participation, and cultural preservation.
Social sustainability
21When were the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations?
In 2015, as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
22Which Sustainable Development Goal specifically focuses on making cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable?
SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities).
23What are common sustainability challenges experienced in local communities?
Improper waste disposal, flooding, deforestation, water and air pollution, unemployment, food insecurity, inadequate health services, limited disaster preparedness, and loss of biodiversity.
24Why is community participation critical to achieving sustainable development?
It strengthens local ownership, accountability, transparency, and the long-term implementation success of sustainability initiatives.
25To provide concise, evidence-based recommendations to guide decision-makers in solving community problems.
Sustainability policy brief
26The awareness that individuals belong to a broader global community and share responsibilities in promoting peace, justice, sustainability, and human dignity.
Global citizenship
27The branch of philosophy concerned with moral principles that guide human behavior and decision-making.
Ethics
28Fundamental freedoms and protections inherent to every individual regardless of nationality, ethnicity, religion, gender, or social status.
Human rights
29To achieve the fair distribution of opportunities, resources, and rights while addressing inequality and discrimination.
Social justice
30What key characteristics define a global citizen?
Respect for cultural diversity, commitment to human rights, social responsibility, environmental stewardship, empathy and compassion, critical thinking, ethical leadership, and civic participation.
31What are the core ethical principles that guide decision-making?
Integrity, honesty, accountability, fairness, respect, compassion, justice, and responsibility.
32What is the first essential step in analyzing an ethical dilemma?
Identifying the ethical issue and gathering relevant facts.
33What are the seven steps of the practical ethical decision-making process?
Step 1: Identify the ethical issue; Step 2: Gather relevant facts; Step 3: Identify stakeholders; Step 4: Consider possible alternatives; Step 5: Evaluate consequences; Step 6: Choose the most ethical course of action; Step 7: Reflect on the outcome.
34What is the primary purpose of conducting an ethical values audit?
To evaluate personal values, recognize strengths, and identify specific areas for ethical development and growth.
35What are major contemporary ethical issues in a globalized world?
Climate justice, artificial intelligence and privacy, misinformation, digital citizenship, corruption, labor exploitation, refugee protection, gender equality, environmental degradation, and responsible consumption.