Chapter 3: Airports

runways, taxiways, and other selected areas of an airport/heliport, and are used for takeoff and landing of aircraft, fixed-wing aircraft taxiing, and rotary-wing hover- and air-taxiing

- all entry onto movement areas must be obtained by ATC

axiways and apron (ramp) areas on the airport which are not under the control of ATC. Examples of non-movement areas include taxiways not visible from the tower, and ramp areas used for loading and unloading of passengers or cargo, parking, refueling, and maintenance.

standardized by the FAA and are used to identify specific runways, runway thresholds, taxiway or runway centerlines, hold lines, and several other items on runway and taxiway surfaces. These markings include runway designators, centerlines, threshold, aiming point, and touchdown zone markings, along with various signage such as runway and location signs, distance remaining signs, and taxiway markings

White = runways and landing areas
Yellow = taxiways, closed and hazardous areas, and holding positions

identifies the runway number

are used to distinguish the beginning of the runway usable for landing.

l Visual runway (no instrument approach)
l Nonprecision instrument approach runway
l Precision instrument approach runway

A runway without an associated instrument approach

one that provides only electronic course guidance to the pilot in relation to the runway centerline without any electronic altitude or glide-path guidance. These include the Localizer, Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Radio Range (VOR), Nondirectional Beacon (NDB), Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR), Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) (military use), and some Global Positioning Satellites (GPS) instrument approaches.

is one that provides electronic course and altitude guidance, the lat-ter typically being a standardized glidepath or glideslope (normally ~3 degrees), which the airplane follows to a Decision Height (DH) altitude.

used to close a segment of the approach end of a runway, which in-turn shortens the runway length available for departures as well as reducing the available roll out distance of the opposite direction runway. This threshold configuration may be used due to runway maintenance, construction, or other associated airport activities.

used to diffrenciate a runway with a displaced threshold from a blast pad, stopway, or taxiway which precedes it.

large yellow arrows that extend across the unusable extension of the runway which is used to indicate pavement areas aligned with the runway that should not be used for taxiing, takeoffs, or landings.

has a black background and a yellow number

is identified by a single continuous yellow line

Consists of a pair of synchronized white flashing strobe lights located laterally on each side of the runway

- takeoffs and landings

large chevrons pointing in the direction of the threshold

flash at regular intervals ultilizing a different color combination to help pilots identify the type of airport where it is located

blue

runway touchdown zone

36 because its in the third slot after a decimal marking it in the hundredths place, which indicates that it is closer to the north heading of 360 than not

in-runway lights

consists of white arrows which point in the direction of landing replacing the runway centerline and beginning at the non-landing portion to the threshold bar