11)What was the aims/manifesto of the PM in 1970?
wanting to bring Tax reforms
better law and order
reform trade unions
immigration controls
cuts of of public spending,
end to public subsidies of "Lame duck industries"
21)Who was the prime minister from 1970-75?describe them.
2)How many seats did they win with in the 1970 general election?
3)What was Labours reaction to the 1970 election ?
1)Edward Heath,leader of conservative party from 1965-75.member of parliament from 1950-2001
2)Won with 330 seats with 5% of vote.first elected leader of conservatives
3)was surprise to labour as wilson not realise economic policy failures also to control councils lost support
3Define lame duck industry
One that is unable to compete and survive without support from state
4During Heath's premiership there was loads of reforms such as what?
School leaving age raised to 16
local Government reorganised
currency went decimal
51)What did Anthony Barber introduce?
2)why a problem?
1)Cuts in public spending ,tax cuts to encourage investment
2)"Barber boom"-rapid rise in inflation,unemployment went up=stagflation
6Define stagflation
1)Describes the unusual combo of inflation and stagnant economic growth (often produce unemployment)occuring at same rate .
71)Define what the U-turn was
reverse previous policy in 171-72 was retreat from free enterprise principles his government and tried to follow from 1970
81)What's OPEC crisis
2)How much did oil go up?
1)Organisation of petroleum exporting countries led by saudi arabia aimed to protect interests of its membership OPEC agreed to fix levels of production to prevent prices from falling to low.1973
YOM kippur war in middle east.declared oil embargo exports stopped.
2)oil rocketed 4X usual price.
91)What was industrial relations act?
2)How successful was industrial relations act?
1)Set up court and provided for strike ballets and "cooling of period" before official strikes could begin.
2)not work both trade unions congress (TUC) and confederation of British industry (CBi)opposed it.people striked in 1972
101)When and what happened during miners strikes?
2)How many workers were laid off?
1)National union of Miners(NUM) demanded huge pay rise in january 1972 which was beyond govermnet limits they wanted to introduce overtime ban to strengthen their demands.Arthur scargill stopped movement of coal in country
2)1.2 million
111)How did Heath deal with wage demand ?
Aimed to involve Government ,TUC and CBI in agreeing wages ,prices ,investment and benefits =heavily crtiscised by those on the right of conservative party such as Enoch powell
121)Who was willie whitelaw?
old styled upper-class conservative with centrist ideas similar to those similar to Harold Macmillan.Effective negotiator in Northern irish Sunningdale negotiations.1973 moved to Department in attempt to gain compromise solution to miners strike.loyal deputy for thatcher.
131)What was the 3 day week?
2)What was the affect of this?
1)by Heath gov to conserve electricity in response to wave of industrial actions by engineers doctors and firefighters and
looming threat of national coal strike in middle of energy class
2)TV closed down at 10:30 ,Fuel was rationed ,50mph limit imposed on all roads, Forced to lay off workers =increase of temp unemployement payments ,shortage of coal,together with rising oil prices = blanace of oil payment crisis ,no decline in productivty or wages
142)What was the outcome of February 1974 Election?
2)Conservatives -297 seats ,Labour-301 seats
151)Define Proportional representation
2)Define internment
3)Define unionists
4)Define nationalists
1)System of voting whereby those elected in proportional to number of votes received
2)locking up suspects without trial
3) Don't want unions between britain
4) identifies with their own nation and supports its interests, especially to detriment other countries -not want unions between britain
161)Define IRA
2)Define paramilitary
3)Define RUC
4)Define Sectarian
1)Irish republican army
2)Non state military
3)Police force of northern ireland
4)Divisions in society in northern ireland based on religion
171)When was irish of independence?
2)how many countries north of ireland portioned into and republic of ireland ?
1)1919-1921
2)6 countries in north of ireland(Remain uk)other 26 became republic of ireland(favour united ireland.
3)Unionists (Northen ireland) vs nationilsits (ireland)
181)what religion is Northern Ireland?
2)what religion is Ireland?
3)when ands who do unionists fear?
4)What did the paramilitary set up?
5)What did wilson do with the riots that are spreading?
1)Protestant
2)Catholic
3)1964,fear IRA
4)apprenticeboys-loyalist march to Derry attacked by nationalists -RUC considered bias towards catholics
5)Willson sent British troops in 1969 to keep peace
191)Define Loyalist
2)Define Republican
1)remains loyal to established ruler or government, especially in the face of a revolt
2)citizenship in a state organized as a republic under which the people hold popular sovereignty.
201)Name the paramilitary groups organisation and if republican or loyalty
IRA-split between official IRA and provisional IRA in 1970-Republican
INLA-irish national liberation army-formed out of official IRA in 1974-republican
UDA-Ulster defence Association- Loyalists
UVF-Ulster Volunteer Force-Loyalists
21Name and describe the unionist political parties in Northern ireland
UUP-ulster unionist Party-only major unionist party in northern ireland until troubles ,ruled northern ireland between 1921-192
DUP-Democratic Unionist party Formed in 1971 by Reverend ian paisley and other unionists disillusioned with moderate unionists in UUP,Paisley remained leader until 2008
22Name and describe the Republican political parties in Northern ireland
Sinn Fein -Republican party that dated back to 1905 although in 1970 it split,new sinn fein party supported provisional irish republican army it was excluded from negotiations
23Name and describe the Nationalist political parties in Northern ireland
SDLP-Social Democratic Labour party-formed by in 1970 by nationalists such as john hume to fight for civil for civil rights for catholics and united ireland but rejecting violent methods
24Who is reverend ian paisley (1926-2014)?
led the loyalist opposition group to catholic civil rights movement in 1960s and was involved in setting up paramilitary loyalist organisations.paisley was evangelical protestant,Est free Presbyterian Church of Ulster in 1951 -was outspoken in his criticism of Catholics,denouncing pope as antichrist .Was MP IN 1970 TO 2010.MEP1979-2004.iniotally opposed good friday agreement of 1998,served as first minister of northern ireland 2007-2008 under his terms
25who is John hume(b.1937)
involved in irish civil rights movement of 1960s.co-founded social democratic labour party(SDLP)became its leader in 1979.instrument in working with sinn fein to bring about IRA ceasefires in 1990s.bringing sinn fein and british government together for talks.won noble peace prize in role of good friday agreement
261)What is the sunningdale agreement?
1)named after hotel where negotiatons took place.it proposed:power sharing-Executive of both nationalists and unionists-both sides guaranteed representation,
new Northen ireland assembly elected under system of proportional representation
Council of ireland have some input from Republic of ireland
27What was the reaction of the sunningdale agreement?
Republicans and loyalsits ,denounced it as a sell out .UVF and UDA opposed it .UUP voted to pull out in jan 1974.Brian faulkner replaced leader of UUP by Harry west who opposed
mainland Britan,miners strikes 1974 election .Parties opposed put up single candidate in each constituency in Northen ireland
pro sunningdale was split .11/12 consituencies opposed .
Conservative could not rely on support of UUP preventing Conservatives continuing in Gov
28Britain was not member of EEC 1964-short term factor
few politicians/journalists in favor of Britain taking leadership role in Europe , during wartime, suspicious of market, not clear how successful
29Britain was not member of EEC by 1964 -long term factor
French president from 1958 Charles de Gaulle, doesn't like UK as of Us relationship,"special relationship"
found common agricultural policy difficult to confirm to
301) when did heath call general election?
1) 28th February 1974 -opinion poll favor conservative- labor won with 301 seats -hung parliament -no party had overall majority
31what happened when Willson call next election
Labor gained 18 more Seats-overall majority 3,
conservative lost 21 seats? labour won 319 39.2 %
321) When did Britain join in EEC
1) 1973
33 1)What happend in 1974?
1)Heath called genral election.opionion poll fav conservative small swing
Labour won 5 seats more seats than toires 301
hung parliment -no overall majoirty
willson calls election consevative lost 21 seats labour won with 319
341)Pros of joining EEC?
1)Access european markets ,attracts global business part of bloc,entitled to eu dev grants
had right to work in other countires
opportunity of movement for brits within Eu
advanced industrail economy
351)Cons of joining EEC
1)Can't buy cheap food from commonwealth,consumers paying inflated prices
make high contributions ,restrictions where can fish
paying 20% of revenue ,impose VAT on most commodities
361)Define referendum
2)When was referendum to leave or stay in EEC
3)Results
1) general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision
2)1975
3)68.7% VOTE STAY-gov backed this (jenkins)many from labour want out(tony benn,barbra castle)-beleive should have done befroe join-irrelevent
371)why believe should leave?
2)When did wilson retire
1)oil crisis 1973 outweight benefit of part of EEC
Exports 1958-73 more than double ,afer joining declined with europe#
2)1976-believe before economic situation worse
381)When was james callaghan premiership
2)What party?
1976-792
2)Labour
391)Define Devolution.when in place?
2)What happend to scotland and wales under this act
1)Transfer of power to a lower level of gov
2)1978
401)What problems did callaghan face with economy when pm?
1)1976-poor balance of payments putting pressure on sterling -
anxious run on pound Denis Healy, Chancellor, received £3 bill loan-nake big spending cuts
-gave speech to prepare labour of gov planning to apply for emergency loan from IMF
41what successes did Callaghan have with economy from 1976-79
1978- nine oil fields in production:inflation fell to 10%
unemployment fell to 1.6 million
number of days lost to industral disputes fallen to year low
421) what did sunningdale agreement collapse? consequences
1) Trouble continued. Wilson announced est of northern Irish Constitution convention, elected body determine future gov in Northen Ireland. guild for pub bombs November (Birmingham pub bomb 19 kills, 12 people killed in nirealnd in series of UVF attack
431) What effects of removal of 1976 special category status
1)Removed from terrorist prisoners = no longer considered political prisoners but treared as criminals. disliked by paramilitary believe engaged in her. "blanket protest" by INVA and naked or wore blanket
441)What was winter of discontent
1) 1978-79.TUC rejected labour gov proposed wage increase limit 5%.
unions followed wave of industral action including to transport. average pay increase by 10% affected public mood
451)what was greater challenge miners strike 1974 or this?
1) miner strike worse. ruined everyone's mood and lasted longer
46what was results of 1979 election
Conservative - 339 seats
Labour -269 seats