unit 6 cities and urban land-use patterns and processes

physical factors (climate, land forms, water, soil fertility)

connections between sites, the relative location dictates the function

a household that cannot provide these basic living characteristics: durable housing of a permanent nature to protect against extreme climates, no more than 3 people sharing the same room, easy access to water, toilet shared by a reasonable number of people

when a capital city is relocated, due to a desire for building new, planned infrastructure

What are the stages of Bochert's Epochs of American Urbanization?

metropolitan areas with a population of greater than 10 million people, results in unplanned city growth with squatter settlements

metropolitan areas with a population of greater than 20 million people

process of people moving, usually from cities, to residential areas on the outskirts of cities

programs created to assist American military veterans

community located on the outskirts of a larger city with commercial centers typically located in the urban center

suburb that has grown rapidly into a large and sprawling city with more than 100,000 residents

community on the edge of traditional suburbs. functions like a subrub but more rural and less connected to the central city core

the transfer of power to several local offices

lack of identity or culture

large cities that exert global economical, cultural and political influence and make up a network of economic, social and information flows. there are interconnections between them thanks to globalization

the spread of something

modern cities are interconnected, and different cities have different functinos. larger and more influential cities are higher on the hierarchy
global cities, regional cities, cities | towns, villages, hamlets

model that illustrates the relationship between population distribution in cities that are interconnected. indicates there is even development (proportionate)

model that illustrates disproportionate population distribution within a state, indicates uneven development

illustrates the spatial relationship/amount of interaction between locations of different sizes (considers the distance between two locations and their relative sizes)
larger cities interact more with other larger cities, and small cities are drawn to large cities

model that illustraes the hierarchical spatial patterns/order of cities and settlements. the central place is the large city that provides most goods and services, and then smaller setltements are organized around it. hexagons model

number of people needed to support certain goods or services

distance that someone is willing to travel for a good or service

expensive, desireable or unique. has a larger threshold and range

inexpensive, common, everyday needs. has a smaller threshold and range

the value of land is influenced by its distance from the CBD. land near the CBD is most desirable and costs the most. the further away from the CBD the less desirable and less money it costs

CBD

concentric rings
ring 1 is in the center: CBD
ring 2: factories
ring 3: working class housing
ring 4: middle class house housing
ring 5a: commute zone
ring 5b: high class housing

uses sectors to classify land use, sectors develop along transport routes. less income housing develops surrounding industrial and major transportation roues. middle and high income housing develops further from the city center and manufacturing so there is less traffic and pollution

cities develop around multi focal points and build outwards to create a functional region. CBD most important but there are also other smaller business districts, and manufacturing and industry are located near transport routes for easier shipping and similar businesses. middle and high income housing further away from city center

most modern, focuses on decentralization and suburbanization of urban environments. includes edge cities which are like mini CBDs

shares basic structures of the Concentric Zone and Sector City Models. characterized by spine: runs from modernized CBD in center to wealthy housing to secondary urban center called mall

locations that have typically dangerous terrain that are not connected to city services

mixed quality housing, a transitional zone from elite housing to squatter settlements

has 3 CBDs, and reflects the influence of colonialism throughout the continent. traditional, colonial, market

has port zone, which was center of commerce in colonial SE Asia. no CBD, export oriented. has Alien commercial zone: Chinese immigrants business. Western commercial zone: mechants from European countries located here

amount of people that occupy a specific unit of land

clustered, high population, apartments, closer to CBD

condos, townhouses

dispersed, suburbs, single family homes, further away from CBD

How are older cities organized?

How are newer cities organized?

regulation about what type of land use can occur in a specific location, created by local governments

What are the types of land use?

redevelopment of vacant land to improve the surrounding area

basic support systems needed to keep a society and economy running smoothly

How does access to a strong network of hospitals encourage social development?

How does access to transportation routes encourage economic development?

reduce impact on environment, has better livability and quality of life

What are the characteristics of sustainable cities?

an area of green space around an urban area intended to limit urban sprawl. limits pollution and protects local wildlife habitats. leads to slow growth cities

lower income families and POC cant afford to live in the city and are forced to move out

descriptive depictions often based on people's opinions. uses open-ended questions to collect data on people's feelings about urban change

numbers and statistics that can be measured.
Ex: the Census and surveys, used to provide information to city governments about changes in population composition and size of urban areas

housing discrimination maintained by banks, 1930s, refusal to grant home loans in certain areas because of the ethnic or racial composition

housing discrimination maintained by the real estate industry, white families were encouraged to rapidly sell when black families moved into neighborhoods

Why is there residential segregation in cities today?

less access to services, more crime and environemntal injustice (closer to factories), growth of disamenity zones, more zones of abandoment (squatter settlements)

legal rights to land

areas where city government require that devleopers must include low and medium income housing option in their projects to obtain building permits

using city-owned land or abandoned areas to plant community, urban gardens to provide fresh fruit and veggies to people living in food deserts

programming funded by federal government after WWII intended to redevelop and modernize blighted, abandoned and/or industrial urban areas

the process by which higher income residents or professional developers buy buildings in abandoned areas for a low cost and then renovate the property increasing the price

uses land as currency to measure how fast we consume resources and generate waste compared to how fast nature can absorb our waste and generate new resources

What are six aspects of calculating ecological footprints?

US, China, Brazil, Japan, Germany