court cases

Established supremacy of the U.S. Constitution and federal laws over state laws

Established the principle of judicial review empowering the Supreme Court to nullify an act of the legislative or executive branch that violates the Constitution

Speech creating a "clear and present danger" is not protected by the First Amendment

Race-based school segregation violates the equal protection clause

Established exclusionary rule; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court; Warren Court's judicial activism

Opened the door to equal protection challenges to redistricting and the development of the "one person, one vote" doctrine by ruling that challenges to redistricting did not raise "political questions" that would keep federal courts from reviewing such challenges

School sponsorship of religious activities violates the establishment clause

Guaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor or indigent

that upon arrest, a suspect has the right to remain silent and the right to consult with a lawyer

Public school students have the right to wear black armbands in school to protest the Vietnam War

Bolstered the freedom of the press, establishing a "heavy presumption against prior restraint" even in cases involving national security

Compelling Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade violates the free exercise clause

Extended the right of privacy to a woman's decision to have an abortion

Limits on election spending in the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 are unconstitutional (struck down donation/spending limits)

Legislative redistricting must be conscious of race and ensure compliance with the Voting Rights Act of 1965

Congress may not use the commerce clause to make possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime

The Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for self-defense is applicable to the states

Political spending by corporations, associations, and labor unions is a form of protected speech under the First Amendment