International Law: Public and Private
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1
International law is influenced by a combination of law, religious tenets, and ______ relations.
Diplomatic
2
International law is enforced primarily through ______, customs, and judicial decisions.
Treaties
3
Public International Law regulates relations between ______ and international organizations.
Countries
4
Private International Law governs disputes between ______ across borders.
Individuals and businesses
5
A treaty is an agreement between two or more nations to ______ in a certain manner.
Cooperate
6
The Vienna Convention on Treaties became effective in ______.
1980
7
Customary International Law is based on ______ state practice.
Consistent
8
Judicial decisions in international law serve as ______.
Legal precedents
9
Comity means that nations will generally ______ to foreign laws and court decisions.
Defer
10
The act of state doctrine prevents courts from ruling on ______.
Another nation’s government acts
11
The three primary sources of international law are ______, customs, and judicial decisions.
Treaties
12
The ______ Convention is an international treaty on cybercrime.
Budapest
13
The United Nations (UN) was created to address global concerns, including defense, trade, and ______.
Human rights
14
The WTO primarily regulates ______.
International trade
15
The IMF promotes stability of world ______.
Currencies
16
The OECD works to eliminate ______ and bribery in global economies.
Corruption
17
The FCPA prohibits U.S. businesses from bribing ______ officials.
Foreign
18
A foreign official under the FCPA includes employees of ______.
Government-owned businesses
19
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is also known as the ______.
World Court
20
The European Court of Justice (ECJ) ensures compliance with ______ laws.
EU
21
A choice of law clause specifies which country’s ______ will govern a contract.
Laws
22
A forum selection clause determines where ______ will be resolved.
Legal disputes
23
Sovereign immunity means that nations are generally exempt from ______ in foreign courts.
Jurisdiction
24
The FSIA allows lawsuits against foreign governments engaged in ______ on U.S. soil.
Commercial activities
25
CISG stands for the Convention on ______.
Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
26
Under the CISG, contracts do not have to be in ______.
Writing
27
Religious-based legal systems derive their laws from ______ principles.
Religious
28
Sharia law is an example of a ______ legal system.
Religious-based
29
Mixed legal systems combine elements of multiple ______ traditions.
Legal
30
Civil law systems rely heavily on ______ codes.
Written
31
Common law systems emphasize the role of ______ in shaping legal principles.
Case law
32
International arbitration is used to resolve disputes between parties of different ______.
Nationalities
33
The New York Convention ensures international arbitration awards are ______.
Enforceable
34
The ICC, LCIA, and AAA administer ______.
International arbitration
35
The WIPO resolves disputes related to ______.
Intellectual property
36
Mediation involves a ______ third party facilitating negotiations.
Neutral
37
Conciliation differs from arbitration because it is ______.
Non-binding
38
The FCPA requires companies to maintain accurate ______.
Books and records
39
The ICC develops global standards for ______.
Trade and arbitration
40
TRIPS sets minimum standards for ______ protection.
Intellectual property
41
The Paris Convention ensures equal patent rights for ______ inventors.
Foreign
42
The Madrid Protocol simplifies international ______ registration.
Trademark
43
The Berne Convention provides global protection for ______.
Copyrights
44
The WCT extends copyright protections to ______ works.
Digital
45
The PCT simplifies the international ______ application process.
Patent
46
INCO terms standardize international trade ______.
Shipping and delivery
47
FOB means the seller’s responsibility ends when goods are ______.
Loaded onto a ship
48
FCA means the seller delivers goods to a designated ______.
Carrier
49
EXW places the burden on the ______ for transport and risk.
Buyer
50
GATT is the foundation for ______ trade rules.
WTO
51
Tariffs, quotas, and regulations that restrict imports/exports are called ______.
Trade barriers
52
Dumping occurs when goods are sold below ______ value.
Market
53
Countervailing duties are tariffs imposed to offset ______.
Unfair subsidies
54
The Most-Favored-Nation principle requires equal trade treatment among ______.
WTO members
55
National Treatment mandates that foreign goods be treated the same as ______ goods.
Domestic
56
Investment treaties protect foreign investors from ______.
Unfair treatment
57
Expropriation occurs when a government seizes private ______.
Assets
58
The Geneva Conventions regulate ______ conduct.
Wartime
59
The ICC prosecutes crimes against ______.
Humanity
60
The UN Security Council enforces ______ rulings.
ICJ
61
Economic sanctions restrict ______ with targeted countries.
Trade
62
Export controls limit sales of ______ technology.
Sensitive
63
FDI occurs when a company invests in ______ operations.
Foreign
64
MNCs operate in ______ countries.
Multiple
65
CSR requires businesses to maintain ethical ______ practices.
Standards
66
The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention bans ______ in international business.
Bribery
67
Global environmental laws regulate ______ emissions.
Carbon
68
The Kyoto Protocol sets targets for reducing ______ gases.
Greenhouse
69
The Paris Agreement aims to combat ______ change.
Climate
70
International taxation rules govern cross-border ______.
Income
71
Double taxation treaties prevent companies from being taxed ______.
Twice
72
Transfer pricing shifts profits between ______.
Subsidiaries
73
Bank secrecy laws protect financial privacy but may enable ______.
Tax evasion
74
International banking regulations oversee cross-border ______.
Transactions
75
Foreign exchange markets trade global ______.
Currencies
76
A pegged currency is fixed to another ______.
Currency
77
A floating exchange rate is determined by ______ forces.
Market
78
Balance of payments records a country’s international ______.
Transactions
79
A trade surplus occurs when ______ exceed imports.
Exports
80
A trade deficit occurs when ______ exceed exports.
Imports
81
Sovereign debt refers to government-issued ______.
Bonds
82
BITs protect investors from ______ treatment.
Discriminatory
83
Host country regulations govern ______ businesses.
Foreign
84
Extraterritorial jurisdiction applies domestic laws to ______ activities.
Foreign
85
Political risk arises from government ______.
Instability
86
The EXIM Bank finances U.S. ______.
Exports
87
The World Bank funds international ______ projects.
Development
88
RTAs like NAFTA and the EU promote ______ integration.
Economic
89
Economic integration merges economies to encourage ______.
Trade
90
Maritime law governs international ______.
Shipping
91
UNCLOS defines territorial ______ zones.
Maritime
92
Piracy laws target crimes at ______.
Sea
93
Space law regulates activities beyond ______.
Earth
94
The Outer Space Treaty prohibits ______ in space.
Militarization
95
Cybersecurity laws protect against ______ threats.
Cyber
96
The Budapest Convention addresses international ______.
Cybercrime
97
AI regulation governs ethical concerns of ______ intelligence.
Artificial
98
Cryptocurrency laws regulate digital ______.
Assets
99
Data privacy laws control ______ collection.
Personal
100
GDPR is the EU’s strict ______ regulation.
Data privacy
101
Digital trade agreements regulate ______ commerce.
Online
102
E-commerce regulations apply to ______ transactions.
International
103
Consumer protection laws ensure ______ business practices.
Fair
104
The future of international law evolves with ______ and technology.
Globalization
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