Joints and Movement

decreases a joint angle

increases a joint angle

joint is moved past straight

to take away

can bring back toward the body

abduction

adduction

elevation

depression

circumduction

medial/internal rotation

lateral/external rotation

midpoint of body mass

at the second sacral vertebra

line of gravity

stability and mobility

synarthroses and diarthroses

fibrous
cartilaginous

sutures
syndesmoses
gomphoses

fibrous connective tissue joins two bones
found in the skull

two bones are joined by a wide sheet or membrane

surfaces of the bones are adapted to each other, like a peg and socket
tooth in jaw (example)

synchondrosis
symphysis

hyaline cartilage directly connects two bones

pad of fibrocartilage connects two bones
common in weight bearing locations

synovial joints

joint capsule of fibrous tissue
joint cavity enclosed by capsule
synovial membrane lining capsule
synovial fluid covering joint surfaces
hyaline (articular) cartilage covering joint surfaces

synovial membrane

hyaline cartilage

compression is applied

blood plasma
viscosity and lubrication

joints move quickly and when temperatures are higher

movement

uniaxial
biaxial
triaxial

hinge
pivot

condyloid
saddle

plane
ball and socket