1Who was Alfred the Great?
Saxon king who was a great military leader and the first holy king
2Who was Hugh Capet?
Elected king of West Francia who began the Capetian Dynasty of France
3Who was Charles the Fat?
Charlemagne grandson who made peace with Vikings and ended the Carolingian dynasty
4Who were Vikings/Danes/Norsemen?
People who came from modern Norway, Sweden and Denmark, who raided and traded settlements
5Who was Edward the Confessor?
He secured most of freed pre-Norman ruled England, known for being religious and peaceful, split inheritance (Godwins were kings or crowned)
6Who was Harald Hardrada?
King of Norway who died in Battle of Stamford Bridge
7Who was Harold Godwinson?
English noble and trusted advisor; says Edward chose him before passing; died in Battle of Hastings
8Who was Henry the Fowler?
Very high person in political and then becoming King of Francia, expanding territory
9Who was King Canute?
Viking king who ruled England, Denmark, and Norway in a North Sea empire
10Who was Otto I?
Known to be "Defender of Christianity" and starting the Ottonian Dynasty
11Who was William the Conqueror?
Duke of Normandy who becomes King of England after the Battle of Hastings
12What were Viking Raids?
Were raids where Vikings did a hit-and-run strategy to get resources
13What was the Battle of Hastings?
Harold Godwinson dies from William; William invades England right after the Vikings did
14What was the Battle of Lechfeld?
Battle where Otto I defeated the Magyars and secured the Holy Roman Empire
15What was the Battle of Stamford Bridge?
Where King Harold defeated Harald H. in battle; Viking army invades but England surprises them; comes close before Harold died
16What was the Siege of Paris?
A siege where Vikings let Viking sack Paris
17What is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle?
Chronicle of the history of the Anglo-Saxons
18What is the Bayeux Tapestry?
Events leading up to and include Norman Conquest
19What is the Domesday Book?
Manuscript record of the Great Survey in England
20What is Feudalism?
Organization in which land was given to vassals from lords in exchange for protection and other service
21What is a Fief?
Is a person who a lord gives land or vassal in exchange for service
22What is the Holy Roman Empire?
A complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages
23Who are Lords and Vassals?
Lord: the lord who the vassal serves, even when conflicting oath with subinfeudation. Vassal: person or warrior who owes oath to the lord pledging loyal service/standing in war and counsel in peace
24What is Subinfeudation?
The grant of a fief by a vassal to a subordinate who becomes his vassal
25What did the Vikings do, and how did it affect Europe?
Vikings raided and traded with tribes and continents in Europe, which effects to cultural integration, and settlements, economic transformation, and political reorganization
26Where was East Francia?
Modern-day eastern Germany and western Poland
27Where was West Francia?
Modern-day France
28Where was the Holy Roman Empire?
Central Europe including parts of modern Germany, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, and other territories
29Where was England located in Medieval times?
The island of Great Britain, specifically the southern part that is modern-day England
30How did East Francia evolve into the Holy Roman Empire?
Through the rule of Saxon kings like Henry the Fowler and Otto I, who expanded their territory and strengthened central authority
31How did West Francia become France?
Through the transition from Carolingian to Capetian rule, particularly with Hugh Capet's election as king in 987