1What is GERD?
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus).
2What is gastritis?
Gastritis is the inflammation of the lining of the stomach, which can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).
3What are common causes of GERD?
Eating spicy foods, drinking carbonated beverages, being overweight or obese, smoking, taking certain medications, and hiatal hernia.
4What are the cardinal signs and symptoms of GI diseases?
Abdominal/chest pain, altered ingestion of food (nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, anorexia), altered bowel movements (diarrhoea or constipation), and GI bleeding.
5What is melena?
Melena is black, tarry stool, most often due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
6What is hematochezia?
Hematochezia is bright red blood per rectum, usually indicating a lower gastrointestinal bleed (or very rapid upper GI bleed).
7What is the most common true diverticulum resulting from failed involution of the vitelline duct?
Meckel diverticulum.
8What are Mallory-Weiss tears?
Superficial longitudinal tears near the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), most often associated with severe retching (e.g., due to acute alcohol intoxication).
9What is the pathogenesis of H. Pylori Gastritis?
Disruption of mucosal protection mechanisms by H. pylori virulence factors.
10What are the characteristics of Autoimmune Gastritis?
Located in the body and fundus, decreased acid production, increased gastrin, and associated with antibodies to parietal cells and intrinsic factor, potentially leading to pernicious anemia