universal precau

handwashing; obgyne

healthcare associated infections
hospital acquired infections
nosocomial infections

types of healthcare associated infections

the big three blood borne pathogens

mode of transmissions DIVFDA

transmission including touching & sexual means

transmission via an inanimate object (fomite)

transmission when recipient is bitten by an insect or animal (the vector)

transmission from contaminated food or drink

transmission expelled through coughing, sneezing, talking

transmission when pathogen hitches a ride on dust or evaporated droplets

In the _ the CDC authored the _ Later in the decade, and particularly in response to the HIV/AIDS
epidemic, _ were instigated to prevent the spread of
pathogens responsible for diseases such as HIV/AIDS, HBV & HCV
transmitted in blood, other bodily fluids containing visible blood, semen, &
vaginal secretions.

combine the major features of Universal Precautions
(UP) and Body Substance Isolation (BSI)* and are based on the principle that
all blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions except sweat, nonintact skin, and
mucous membranes may contain transmissible infectious agents. Standard
Precautions include a group of infection prevention practices that apply to all
patients, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status, in any setting
in which healthcare is delivered.”

Taking precautions to protect your patients AND yourself.
In essence, this means preventing disease transmission by consistently
using infection control practices with all patients in all healthcare settings

timely & proper hand washing is probably the single most
effective way to prevent the spread of infection.

hand hygiene three options

strongest antiseptic

a bacterium transmitted by contact with feces is a major
problem in healthcare institutions

to prevent clostridium difficile

 Wet your hands with clean running water and apply soap. Use warm water if
it is available.
 Rub hands together to make a lather and scrub all surfaces.
 Continue rubbing hands for 15-20 seconds. Need a timer? Imagine singing
"Happy Birthday" twice through to a friend.
 Rinse hands well under running water.
 Dry your hands using a paper towel or air dryer. If possible, use your paper
towel to turn off the faucet.
 Always use soap and water if your hands are visibly dirty

When using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer:
• Apply product to the palm of one hand.
• Rub hands together.
• Rub the product over all surfaces of hands and fingers until hands are dry.

are NOT effective when hands are visibly dirty or
contaminated with blood or fecal matter as examples

are
selected and worn based upon the nature of the patient interaction* and the
likely mode of pathogen transmission.

PPEs GGFRGF

ppe principles

protect hands and allow efficient removal of organisms from hands

protect skin and clothing

protect mucous membranes of mouth and nose

prevent inhalation of infectious material

protect eyes

mucous membranes of face, mouth, nose and eyes

• Apply when excessive wound drainage, fecal incontinence, or other discharges
• Ideally entails single room or spatial arrangements to protect others in shared room
• Caregiver wears gown & gloves

• Apply with respiratory illnesses spread through relatively close approximation to others
• Ideally entails single room or spatial arrangements & curtain to protect others in shared room
• Caregiver wears mask

• Apply when infectious agents may be suspended in the air over long distances
• Preferred placement for patient in airborne infection isolation room
• Caregiver wears mask or respirator as indicated by disease-specific recommendation

• Avoid rushing when handling sharps and scalpels
• Use extreme care
• Dispose promptly
• Contaminated needles should not be recapped
• If recapping is unavoidable, do the 1 handed scoop technique
• Place sharps in a covered, leak-proof, puncture-proof container and must be
collected by authorized people.
• Do not cover or hide sharps in linens to obscure view