clinical aspect skeletal

Medical specialty that concentrates on diseases of the skeletal and muscular systems

an inflammation of bone caused by pus forming bacteria that enter through a wound or are carried by the blood.

Tuberculosis of the spine

break in a bone, usually caused by trauma.

the skin is not broken

If the fracture is accompanied by a wound in the skin

Refers to realignment of the broken bone

If no surgery is required, the reduction is described as

is one that requires surgery to place the bone in proper position

is often needed during the healing phase to immobilize the bone

refers to using pulleys and weights to maintain alignment of a fractured bone during healing

loss of bone mass that results in bone weakening

Osteoporosis is diagnosed and monitored using

lower-than-average bone density, which is not considered to be abnormal

softening of bone tissue because of diminished calcium salt formation. Possible causes include defi ciency of vitamin D

(osteitis deformans) is a disorder of aging in which bones become overgrown and thicker but deformed

(osteosarcoma) most commonly occurs in a bone’s growing region, especially around the knee

This is a highly malignant tumor that often requires amputation. It most commonly metastasizes to the lungs

usually appears in midlife. As the name implies, this tumor arises in cartilage. It may require amputation and most frequently metastasize to the lungs

This involves a gradual degeneration of articular (joint) cartilage as a result of wear and tear

physical therapy

can be injected directly into an arthritic joint, but because they may ultimately cause cartilage damage, only a few injections can be given within a year at intervals of several months

is a systemic inflamatory joint disease that commonly appears in young adult women. Its exact causes are unknown, but it may involve immunologic reactions

is caused by an increased level of uric acid in the blood, salts of which are deposited in the joints. It mostly occurs in middle-aged men and almost always involves pain at the base of the great toe

orthopedic surgeons use a type of endoscope called an arthroscope to examine a joint’s interior and perform surgical repairs if needed

A final alternative to relieve pain and provide stability at a joint is fusion, or ______, which results in total loss of joint mobility.

is a disease of the spine that appears mainly in males. Joint cartilage is destroyed; eventually, the disks between the vertebrae calcify and there is ankylosis (fusion) of the bones

means “a slipping”

is a forward sliding of a vertebra over the vertebra below

most common in the spine’s weight-bearing lumbar region, where it causes low back pain and sometimes leg pain resulting from irritation of spinal nerve roots

the central mass of an intervertebral disk protrudes through the disk’s weakened outer ring into the spinal canal

central mass

is an exaggerated curve in the thoracic region, popularly known as “hunchback.”

is an exaggerated curve in the lumber region, popularly known as “swayback.”

is a sideways curvature of the spine in any region