1What is the Primary Function of the Cardiovascular System
To provide adequate blood flow to meet the demands of the tissue
2What is Myocardium Hypertrophy
Growth of the left ventricular wall
3What do Veins do
They carry deoxygenated blood TOWARDS the heart
4What do Arteries do
They carry Oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart, and it is high pressure
5What is a Hematocrit
The ratio of formed elements to the total volume of blood
6What is the largest component of blood
Plasma
7What binds to oxygen in the red blood cell
Hemoglobin
8What do Capillaries do
They allow for the exchange of oxygen, fluid, nutrients, electrolytes, and hormones
9What is Vasodilation
The dilation of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure
10What is Vasoconstriction
The constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure
11What do Veins serve as
Blood reservoirs, holding on to about 60% of blood distribution
12What doe One-way Valves do
Prevent the backwards flow of blood to reduce venous pooling
13What is the reason for a cool down
To maintain the skeletal muscle pump whilst cardiac demand decreases
14What is the Heart
A pump that recycles deoxygenated blood for oxygenated blood
15What purpose does the Right Atrium serve
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body
16What purpose does the Right Ventricle serve
Receives deoxygenated blood and pumps blood into the lungs
17What purpose does the Left Atrium serve
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
18What purpose does the Left Ventricle serve
Pumps oxygenated blood back out to the body, also the last stop in the Heart
19Where is the Tricuspid Valve located
Between the Right Atrium and the Right Ventricle
20Where is the Pulmonary Valve located
Between the Right Ventricle and Pulmonary Artery
21Where is the Bicuspid Valve located
Between the Left Atrium and the Left Ventricle
22Where is the Aortic Valve located
Between the Left Ventricle and the Aorta
23What does the Superior Vena Cava do
Delivers deoxygenated blood from the head, arms, and upper body
24What does the Inferior Vena Cava do
Delivers deoxygenated blood from the trunk and lower extremities to the Right Atrium
25What does the Pulmonary Artery do
Delivers deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
26What do the Pulmonary Veins do
Delivers oxygenated blood from the lungs to the Left Atrium
27What does the Aorta do
Delivers oxygenated blood from the Left Ventricle out to the various regions of the body
28What is the 1st step of Blood flow through the Heart
Deoxygenated Blood is pumped through the Inferior and Superior Vena Cava to the Right Atrium
29What is the 2nd step of Blood flow through the Heart
Deoxygenated Blood pools into the Right Atrium and travels through the Tricuspid Valve into the Right Ventricle
30What is the 3rd step of Blood flow through the Heart7
The deoxygenated Blood travels from the Right Ventricle through the Pulmonary Valve through the Pulmonary Artery to the lungs
31What is the 4th step of Blood flow through the Heart
Blood is oxygenated in the lungs and travels back to the heart through the Pulmonary Veins to the Left Atrium
32What is the 6th step of Blood flow through the Heart
Oxygenated Blood pools in the Left atrium and travels through the Bicuspid Valve to the Left Ventricle
33What is the 7th step of Blood flow through the Heart
Oxygenated Blood travels from the Left Ventricle through the Aortic Valve to the Aorta, and is then distributed throughout the body
34What is the Sinoatrial (SA) Node
The intrinsic pacemaker
35How many BPM is Intrinsic Electrical Conduction
100 BPM
36TRUE or FALSE: Preparing for exercise increases sympathetic activity
TRUE
37What is the Radial Pulse and where is it locatedW
Taken at the wrist and the most appropriate for trainers
38Where is the Brachial Pulse taken, and what is it for
Taken by the inside of the bicep and used for blood pressure
39What is a normal RHRh
60-100 BPM
40What is BradycardiaWa
RHR fewer than 60 BPM
41What is Tachycardia
RHR greater than 100 BPM
42What is the formula for HRmax
220 - Age or 209 - (.67 x Age)
43What is the formula for Targeted Heart Rate
THR = HRmax x % Intensity
44What is the Karvonen Formula and what is it also known as
Also known as the Targeted Heart Rate Reserve Method, the formula is
THRR = (HRmax - HRrest) x (%) + HRrest
45What is Arrhythmia
An Irregular Heartbeat that skips a beat or has an extra beat due to an abnormal electrical condition
46What is Systolic Action
Ventricular Contraction
47What is Dystolic Action
Ventricular Relaxation to allow for filling
48What is recorded from the Brachial Artery
Blood Pressure
49What is Normal Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure number
Less than 120 over Less than 80
50What is Elevated Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure number
120-129 over Less than 80
51What is Stage 1 Hypertension Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure number
130-139 over 80-89
52What is Stage 2 Hypertension Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure number
>140 over >90
53What is Hypertension Crisis Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure number
>180 over >120
54What is the least normal response to exercise
An increase in Diastolic Blood Pressure
55What is Stroke Volume
The amount of blood ejected by the Left Ventricle is measured in milliliters per beat
56What is Cardiac Output
The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute measured in Liters per minute
57What is the Cardiac Output equation
Q = Stroke Volume (SV) x Heart Rate (HR)
58What is the resting Cardiac Output
5 L/min
59What is Cardiac Ouput during exercise
25 L/min
60How does the Diaphragm work
It functions like a piston, creating a vacuum
61TRUE or FALSE: The Lungs recoil during quiet exhalation
TRUE
62What is the Purpose of Cardiorespiratory Exercise
Improve function and increase efficiency of the cardiovascular structures and the capacity for gas exchange
63What are some Cardiac Adaptations during Cardiorespiratory Training
Decreased RHR
Increased Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Increased Stroke Volume
64What are some Vascular Adaptations during Cardiorespiratory Training
Increase Capillary Density
Increase the proficiency of the skeletal muscle pump
65What is a Hematological Adaptations during Cardiorespiratory Training
Increased RBC
66What is the % HR Intensity for Zone 1 of the Cardio Training Zones
50-60%
67What is the % HR Intensity for Zone 2 of the Cardio Training Zones
60-70%
68What is the % HR Intensity for Zone 3 of the Cardio Training Zones
70-80%
69What is the % HR Intensity for Zone 4 of the Cardio Training Zones
80-90%
70What is the % HR Intensity for Zone 5 of the Cardio Training Zones
90-100%
71What is the V02 Max
The maximum volume of oxygen the body utilizes for cellular energy