URINARY SYSTEM

excretes metabolic waste in a form of urine

regulates the composition, volume, and acid-base balance (pH) of body fluids

importance in maintaining homeostasis, the state of internal balanceUR

The urinary system consists

the organs that form urine

transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

which stores and eliminates urine

which carries urine out of the body

organs that form urine from substances filtered out of the blood.

regulating the blood’s volume and composition

functional unit of kidney

pump /circulating blood in the body

The kidneys produce two substances that act on the circulatory system

a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow

an enzyme that functions to raise blood pressure.

causes constriction of the blood vessels

lower blood pressure by interfering with the production of angiotensin.

visceral organs

Kidneys are located in the

Fear hormone

the kidney’s functional units

The tubule begins with a cup-shaped

nephron loop

from the Latin word meaning “cup”

Urine collecting system

Several of the smaller minor calices merge to form a

The major calices then unite to form the

the upper funnel-shaped portion of the ureter.

Blood enters the kidney through a

short branch of the abdominal aorta

finally blood is brought into the glomerular capsule and circulated through a cluster of capillaries, called a

Blood leaves the kidney by a series of vessels that finally merge to form the renal vein, which empties into the

As blood flows through the glomerulus, blood pressure forces materials through the glomerular wall and through the wall of the glomerular capsule into the

The fluid that enters the nephron, consists mainly of water, electrolytes, soluble wastes, nutrients, and toxins

The main waste material is

the nitrogenous (nitrogen containing) by product of protein metabolism

The filtrate should not contain any cells or proteins, such as

Return process occurs through the peritubular capillaries that surround the nephron.

promotes reabsorption of water, thus concentrating the filtrate. The final filtrate, now called urine, flows into the collecting ducts to be eliminated.

is a substance that promotes increased urinary output

urinary output

are used in treating hypertension and heart failure to decrease fluid volume and reduce the heart’s workload

Urine is drained from the renal pelvis and carried by the left and right ureters to the

As the bladder fills, it expands upward from a stable triangle at its base.
This triangle, is marked by the ureteral openings and the urethral opening below

prevents urine from refluxing into the ureters.

The female urethra is short

The male urethra is longer and carries both urine and semen.

The voiding (release) of urine, technically called

act of urination /misturation

inability to retain urine

kidney's outer portion

kidney's inner portion

triangular structure in renal medulla

tube that carries urine from kidney to the bladder

carries urine from bladder to the outside of the body

above the kidney

renal pelvis

near the glomerulus

dilatation of renal pelvis

pertaining to renal calyx

generalized infection that originates in urinary tract

urination during night

narrowing of the ureter

hernia of the urinary bladder

within the urinary bladder

instrument for incising urethra